{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T21:36:25Z","timestamp":1773264985538,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009727","name":"Hospital Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title><jats:p>To demonstrate a simplified morphometric procedure, including a new model for acinar structural maturity, applicable to autopsy fetal lung and present reference values for these parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases with autopsy consent for research were studied. To simplify analysis only critical morphometric parameters were measured to allow calculation of gas\u2010exchange surface area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>SUBJECT SELECTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 58 fetuses, 16\u201040 weeks were included. Subjects were rejected with any condition predisposing to pulmonary hypo\/hyperplasia, significant maceration, or if lung weight\/bodyweight or microscopy identified pulmonary hypoplasia or lung growth disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODOLOGY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lungs were inflation fixed, weights and volumes determined, sampled, then returned to the body. Volume densities (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>) of parenchyma\/non\u2010parenchyma and air\u2010space\/gas\u2010exchange tissue, gas\u2010exchange surface density (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>), and total surface area (SA) were determined. The number, mean radius, and septal thickness of modeled airspace\u2010spheres were calculated. Equations were generated for each parameter function of gestation and bodyweight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 16 to 40\u2010week weights and volumes increased as power functions from \u223c4\u2009g\/mL to \u223c90\u2009g\/mL. Parenchyma\/non\u2010parenchyma changed little\u201475:25 (16 weeks) to 71:29 (term). Parenchyma was 10% airspace:90% tissue early and 50:50 by term. Gas\u2010exchange <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub> increased from 175 to 450\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> and total SA increased from 0.059 to 4.793\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. There were 3.31\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> airspace\u2010spheres, 12\u2009\u00b5 radius, septal thickness 30\u2009\u00b5 at 16 weeks, increasing to 56.92\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>, 26\u2009\u00b5 radius, septal thickness 13\u2009\u00b5 by term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Morphometry can feasibly be performed at autopsy, providing more informative quantitative data on lung structural development than current methods utilized. This reference data set compares well with published data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T17:12:04Z","timestamp":1486055524000},"page":"771-778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Human fetal lung morphometry at autopsy with new modeling to quantitate structural maturity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Jill","family":"Lipsett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology S.A. Pathology Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide South Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"643","volume-title":"Respiratory Tract Disorders in the Fetus and the Neonate","author":"Askin D","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(86)90092-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020903041093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Anomalies associated with pulmonary hypoplasia","volume":"125","author":"Page D","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.8.606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.54.8.614"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200809-1522ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1981.tb01265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Morphometric and Stereological Methods in Respiratory Physiology Including Fixation Techniques","author":"Weibel E","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1993.265.6.L521"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00169.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00808.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"607","article-title":"Human lung growth in late gestation and in the neonate","volume":"129","author":"Langston C","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1799"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ob.1996.v175.a72478"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1993.tb03319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2005.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.58.030196.000445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.37.8.572"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.23675","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.23675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:39:06Z","timestamp":1696379946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.23675"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.23675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.23675","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]}}}