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Wheezing is an indicator of airway obstruction and therefore of interest particularly for the assessment of young children and in other situations where objective documentation of lung function is not generally available. This review summarizes our current understanding of mechanisms producing wheeze, its subjective perception and description, its objective measurement, and visualization, and its relevance in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T18:33:28Z","timestamp":1513881208000},"page":"243-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The highs and lows of wheezing: A review of the most popular adventitious lung sound"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8611-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Pasterkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"A Treatise of the Asthma","author":"Floyer J","year":"1726"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"De L'auscultation M\u00e9diate","author":"Laennec RTH","year":"1819"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.100.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"Treatise on the diseases of the chest and on mediate auscultation; translated from the latest French edition","author":"Forbes J","year":"1829"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"The international medical congress at Copenhagen","volume":"124","year":"1884","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197704282961704"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(57)92359-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.4.1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01132-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1302901","article-title":"Fundamentals of lung auscultation","volume":"370","author":"Bohadana A","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","volume-title":"A Rational Exposition of the Physical Signs of the Diseases of the Lungs and Pleura","author":"Williams CJB","year":"1833"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","volume-title":"A Handbook of Physical Diagnosis","author":"Guttmann P","year":"1880"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)90024-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.2.629","article-title":"Spectral content of forced expiratory wheezes during air, He, and SF6 breathing in normal humans","volume":"72","author":"Shabtai\u2010Musih Y","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(60)90100-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","volume-title":"On Asthma: Its Pathology and Treatment","author":"Salter HH","year":"1868"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"1064","article-title":"Asthmatic wheezing; compression of the trachea and major bronchi as a cause","volume":"272","author":"Dekker E","year":"1957","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine1962.9.230","article-title":"Patho\u2010physiology in bronchial asthma","volume":"9","author":"Akasaka K","year":"1970","journal-title":"Japanese J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-8758-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(80)90365-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.6.2398","article-title":"Forced expiratory wheezes are a manifestation of airway flow limitation","volume":"62","author":"Gavriely N","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(69)90018-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0094-5765(79)90061-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1134\/S1063771013020073","article-title":"Study of the formation mechanisms of forced expiratory wheezes in a healthy person when breathing gas mixtures of different density","volume":"59","author":"Korenbaum VI","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acoustical Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.143.5.890"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950150105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-257"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20178"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"The forced expiratory wheeze. 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