{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:17:48Z","timestamp":1785363468873,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most international asthma guidelines recommend that children \u22645 years with asthma or recurrent wheezing be treated with daily low\u2010 moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as the preferred controller and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) as alternative therapy. There is no systematic review comparing the efficacy of ICS versus LTRA monotherapy in this age group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the efficacy of daily ICS versus LTRA in preschoolers with asthma or recurrent wheezing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized, prospective, controlled trials published by December 2017, with a minimum of 3\u2010month therapy with daily ICS versus LTRA were identified. The co\u2010primary outcomes were the number of wheezing episodes and daily symptom score. Secondary outcomes included unscheduled emergency visits, need of rescue systemic corticosteroids (SC), hospitalization for exacerbations, lung function, and adverse effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 29 trials identified, six studies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093204 patients, 62% males, age range: 6\u201054 months) met the inclusion criteria; two were at low risk of bias. Five pertained to children with asthma; one to those with recurrent wheezing. No outcomes were similarly reported in the six studies, preventing meta\u2010analysis. Based on trials at lowest risk of bias and the largest open\u2010labelled studies, ICS was associated with better control of symptoms and less exacerbations than LTRA. And also less need for rescue SC. Insufficient data of high quality prevented firm conclusions on other secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In preschoolers with asthma or recurrent wheezing, daily ICS appears more effective than daily LTRA for improving symptom control and decreasing exacerbations, particularly those requiring rescue SC, although the magnitude of benefit remains to be quantified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T11:08:54Z","timestamp":1541416134000},"page":"1670-1677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Daily inhaled corticosteroids or montelukast for preschoolers with asthma or recurrent wheezing: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0708-4281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Castro\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2560-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine School of Medicine Universidad El Bosque Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine M.","family":"Ducharme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and of Social and Preventive Sciences University of Montreal Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Research Centre CHU Sainte\u2010Justine Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma 2007. Bethesda MD: National Institutes of Health National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Available at:http:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/guidelines\/asthma\/asthgdln.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network 153. British guideline on the management of asthma. A national clinical guideline September2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"From the Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2017. Available from:http:\/\/www.ginasthma.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/101572"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00258502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200504-525OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00103602"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"HigginsJPT GreenS. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 5.0.2 [updated 2009]: The Cochrane Collaboration;2009. Available at:www.cochrane\u2010handbook.org. Accessed July 19 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2008.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2012.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814550158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"795","article-title":"[Application of asthma predictive index\u2010based group therapy in wheezing children under 5 years of age]","volume":"16","author":"Li YQ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"662","article-title":"To determine the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids compared to montelukast in reducing exacerbation in uncontrolled asthma in children 6 months to 5 years","volume":"8","author":"Jehan N","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pak J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9912111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2867"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-017-2936-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"CD008202","article-title":"Leukotriene receptor antagonists as maintenance and intermittent therapy for episodic viral wheeze in children","author":"Brodlie M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70186-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2000.1027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200119080-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/84.8.675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.640668"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"HigginsJPT GreenS. (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration 2011. Available at:http:\/\/handbook.cochrane.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40733-016-0020-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"Available at:http:\/\/methods.cochrane.org\/bias\/assessing\u2010risk\u2010bias\u2010included\u2010studies. Accessed July 19 2018."}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.24176","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.24176","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T05:10:38Z","timestamp":1694754638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.24176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.24176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.24176","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}