{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:43:25Z","timestamp":1780098205209,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,21]],"date-time":"2018-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["(Programma di Ricerca Finalizzata 2004)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(Programma di Ricerca Finalizzata 2004)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed lung function and respiratory health in an area\u2010based prospective cohort of preschool children born very preterm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lung function was measured by interrupter respiratory resistance (Rint) and forced oscillation technique (FOT) (respiratory resistance (Rrs8), reactance (Xrs8), and area under the reactance curve (AX)) at a median age of 5.2 years in a cohort of 194 children born at 22\u201031 weeks of gestational age (GA) in Tuscany, Italy. Respiratory symptoms and hospitalizations were also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean (SD) lung function Z\u2010scores were impaired in preterm children for Rint (0.72 (1.13)), Xrs8 (\u20100.28 (1.34)), and AX (0.29 (1.41)). However, only a relatively small proportion of children (14.5\u201017.4%) had values beyond the 95th centile or below the 5th. Children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) had slightly but not significantly impaired lung function indices in comparison with those without BPD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009170). In a multivariable analysis, lower GA was associated with worse lung function indices. Fifty\u2010five percent of children had a history of wheezing ever and 21% had been hospitalized in their lifetime because of lower respiratory infections; 31% had wheezing in the last 12 months and this was associated with increased Rrs8 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) and AX (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08), and with decreased Xrs8 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) Z\u2010scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Irrespectively of BPD preschool children born very preterm had impaired lung function indices, as measured by Rint and FOT, and a slightly higher burden of respiratory problems than the general population. GA seems to be crucial for lung development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T05:38:51Z","timestamp":1540186731000},"page":"1633-1639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Lung function in a cohort of 5\u2010year\u2010old children born very preterm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4749-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonary Unit Meyer Children's University Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4601-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Fainardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Calogero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonary Unit Meyer Children's University Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monia","family":"Puglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology Health Agency of Tuscany Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Voller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology Health Agency of Tuscany Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Cuttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Care and Management Innovation Research Area Bambino Ges\u00f9 Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9544-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franca","family":"Rusconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology Meyer Children's University Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000705"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00084114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6761.1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01793-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00058107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211911"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23487"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1806OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2009.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Gruppo Collaborativo SIDRIA\u20102. 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