{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:14:10Z","timestamp":1790266450717,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 HD058971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 HD058971"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chest ultrasound is increasingly used for the diagnosis of pediatric lung disease but there are limited data for its use in pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe chest ultrasound findings in children with suspected PTB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive children, presenting with suspected PTB to a tertiary children's hospital in Cape Town between July 2014 and March 2016, were enrolled in this cohort study. Children were categorized into three groups based on microbiological and clinical features; confirmed PTB (microbiologically confirmed), unconfirmed PTB (clinical diagnosis only), and unlikely PTB (respiratory disease not due to PTB). A clinician, blinded to categorization, performed chest and mediastinal ultrasound for consolidation, pleural gaps, pleural effusions, B\u2010lines or enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes at enrolment and 1, 3, and 6 months thereafter. Two readers interpreted the ultrasounds independently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred seventy children (median age 26.6 months) were enrolled; 40 (24%) confirmed PTB, 85 (50%) unconfirmed PTB, and 45 (26%) unlikely PTB. In children with confirmed PTB, pleural effusion was more common (30% vs 9% in unlikely PTB,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024), mediastinal lymph nodes were larger (median size 1.5\u2009cm vs 1.0\u2009cm in unlikely PTB,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027), resolution of consolidation occurred less commonly at 1\u2010month follow\u2010up (24% vs 67% unlikely TB,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014) and the proportional size reduction of a consolidation was lower (44% vs 80% in unlikely PTB,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009). Inter\u2010reader agreement was perfect to moderate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chest ultrasound identified abnormalities suggestive of PTB with a high inter\u2010reader agreement. Consolidation showed slower resolution in children with confirmed PTB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T08:21:05Z","timestamp":1547194865000},"page":"463-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Chest ultrasound findings in children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1857-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte C.","family":"Heuvelings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and SA\u2010MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"B\u00e9lard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and SA\u2010MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savvas","family":"Andronikou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and SA\u2010MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Radiology Children's Hospital Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norme","family":"Jamieson\u2010Luff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and SA\u2010MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin P.","family":"Grobusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and SA\u2010MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Global tuberculosis report 2017. Geneva: WHO 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1238-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"814","article-title":"Observer variation in detecting lymphadenopathy on chest radiography","volume":"6","author":"du Toit G","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.062315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0780-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0865-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475517709633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1251-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-2890-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70036-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ581"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Department of Health South Africa. The National Guidelines for the Management of Tuberculosis in Children2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-008-0247-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3954-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Empyema and parapneumonic effusions in children: an update","volume":"1","author":"Zampoli M","year":"2007","journal-title":"SAJCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"148","article-title":"Pleural infection in children","volume":"11","author":"Alkrinawi S","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-40-37"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamapediatrics.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000418","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of clinical lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis of community\u2010acquired pneumonia in a pediatric emergency department","volume":"25","author":"Samson F","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.04.026"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.24230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.24230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ppul.24230","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.24230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T16:32:51Z","timestamp":1694363571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.24230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.24230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.24230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}