{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:23:02Z","timestamp":1791220982640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11121031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11121031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11121101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11121101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004853","name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015.017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015.017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incense burning is an important source of indoor air pollution in many Asian regions. We investigated the associations between household incense burning and lung function, lung function growth and respiratory diseases and symptoms in primary school children in Hong Kong.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 4041 children (mean age: 9.1 years) were recruited from 27 primary schools in Hong Kong. Information on incense burning and medical history of respiratory diseases and symptoms was collected by questionnaire. Spirometry tests were performed to measure the children\u2018s lung function. A follow\u2010up study was carried out after 1\u2010year interval. Linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between incense burning, lung function, and lung function growth, and respiratory diseases and symptoms, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, incense burning was associated with 48.6\u2009mL\/min [95% confidence interval (CI): \u221296.7, \u22120.5] lower maximum mid\u2010expiratory flow (MMEF) in boys. In follow\u2010up, incense burning was associated with reduced peak expiratory flow (PEF) growth in all participants. We also found that incense burning was associated with increased prevalence of bronchitis [odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.39, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.72] and bronchiolitis (OR\u2009=\u20091.72, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.56). Incense burning was also associated with higher prevalence of pneumonia (OR\u2009=\u20092.79, 95%CI: 1.10, 6.87) and wheezing (OR\u2009=\u20091.49, 95%CI: 1.08, 2.05) in boys, but not in girls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that incense burning may adversely affect children\u2018s respiratory health. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T05:25:17Z","timestamp":1547702717000},"page":"399-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Household incense burning and children's respiratory health: A cohort study in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Zilong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Huss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Brook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lap\u2010ah","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2645-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang Q.","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.01.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1689","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes of pneumocytes of rat exposed to Arabian incense (Bakhour)","volume":"25","author":"Alarifi SA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jbs.2004.694.699"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-015-0521-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"334","article-title":"Is Chinese incense smoke hazardous to respiratory health? 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