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The grade of evidence for specific treatment of childhood bronchiectasis unrelated to cystic fibrosis (CF) is low with very few randomized controlled trials. Treatment has been based mainly on evidence from studies in adults with non\u2010cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and patients with cystic fibrosis. Recently, long\u2010term treatment with macrolides has been proposed. These molecules offer the advantage of anti\u2010inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in addition to their antibacterial properties. A total of three randomized double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled trials conducted in adults showed that macrolides taken for 6\u201012 months led to a significant reduction in exacerbation rates. Only one long\u2010term, randomized double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled trial was conducted in the pediatric population. It showed that azithromycin administered weekly for up to 24 months reduced pulmonary exacerbations. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to determine the optimal dose and duration of treatment with macrolides. The clinical profile of children who would benefit from this treatment also needs to be determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T05:25:40Z","timestamp":1547702740000},"page":"487-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A review of non\u2010cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children with a focus on the role of long\u2010term treatment with macrolides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8371-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"El Boustany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pneumologie P\u00e9diatrique CHU Timone Enfants Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Gachelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie CHU F\u00e9lix Guyon Saint Denis France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Colomban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Investigation Clinique\u2014Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique et d'Evaluations Th\u00e9rapeutiques (CIC\u2010CPCET) OrphanDev CHU La Timone Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Cernoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation Assistance Publique\u2010h\u00f4pitaux de Marseille Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Sudour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation Assistance Publique\u2010h\u00f4pitaux de Marseille Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ania","family":"Carsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pneumologie P\u00e9diatrique CHU Timone Enfants Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2078-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Christophe","family":"Dubus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pneumologie P\u00e9diatrique CHU Timone Enfants Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","unstructured":"La\u00ebnnecRTH.On mediate auscultation or a treatise on the diagnosis of diseases of the lungs and heart. 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