{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:08:53Z","timestamp":1792415333702,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Similar to other respiratory diseases, sleep disordered breathing (SDB) may be exacerbated by air contaminants. Air pollution may have an impact on incidence and severity of SDB in children. The aims of this study were to examine potential associations between the exposure to different air pollutants and SDB symptoms in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, parents from first grade children of elementary schools throughout Chile were included. Data about clinical and family\u2010related SDB risk factors, and the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) were obtained. Air pollution and meteorological data were obtained from the Chilean online air quality database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 564 children (44.9% males) aged (median) 6 years (5\u20109 year) were included. Prevalence of SDB based on PSQ was 17.7%. When examining air pollutants and conditions, only higher humidity (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005, 95%CI 0.001\u20100.009, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011) was significantly associated with higher PSQ scores after adjusting for demographic and household variables. Higher ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) levels (OR\u2009=\u20091.693, 95%CI 1.409\u20102.035, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), higher humidity (OR\u2009=\u20091.161, 95%CI 1.041\u20102.035, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and higher dioxide sulfur (SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) levels (OR\u2009=\u20091.16, 95%CI 1.07\u20101.94, <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.001]) were associated with increased odds of wheezing\u2010related sleep disturbances after adjusting for confounders. Lower temperature was a significant predictor of snoring at least &gt;3 nights\/week, following adjustment (OR\u2009=\u20090.865, 95%CI 0.751\u20100.997, <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep respiratory symptoms (wheezing and snoring) are significantly associated with air pollutants such as O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. In addition, meteorological conditions such as humidity and low temperatures may be also associated with SDB\u2010related symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T11:18:03Z","timestamp":1549365483000},"page":"544-550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Association between air pollution and sleep disordered breathing in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Trinidad","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gozal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine Biological Sciences Division The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Sciences Division The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Foncea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Betancur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n Concepci\u00f3n Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo E.","family":"Brockmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Sleep Center, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.10.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.160952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1797OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02255-2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900844"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2015-103175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.10.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"542","article-title":"Effect of air pollution in frequency of hospitalizations in asthmatic children","volume":"54","author":"Alizadeh M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"PM 10 exposure and asthma exacerbations in pediatric age: a meta\u2010analysis of panel and time\u2010series studies","volume":"30","author":"Romeo E","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Indoor environmental risk factors for pediatric respiratory diseases in an underserved community in Santiago","volume":"7","author":"Matus MS","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chile. 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