{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:30:14Z","timestamp":1790847014675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]],"date-time":"2019-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4K12HL119986\u201004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4K12HL119986\u201004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is a rare pediatric interstitial lung disease (ILD). Distinct chest computed tomography (CT) define its radiographic appearance\u2014specifically, ground\u2010glass (GG) opacities most prominent in the right middle lobe (RML) and lingula. We sought to quantitatively validate this description and correlate radiologic findings with clinical presentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one children with NEHI were identified retrospectively, alongside 10 age\u2010matched controls without lung disease. Clinical histories were reviewed for NEHI subjects. Semiautomated image analysis was used to measure lung volume and density. A patient\u2010specific Hounsfield unit threshold defining GG was developed to quantify GG and assess its distribution in each subject.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>NEHI subjects had more GG than controls (37.9\u2009\u00b1\u200911.3% vs 14.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The proportion of GG in the RML and lingula was greater in NEHI patients compared to controls (1.43\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37 vs 0.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21, \n<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). GG preferentially involved the RML and lingula in 20\/21 NEHI subjects. There was more GG distribution in NEHI subjects who were prescribed continuous oxygen compared with those using only nocturnal oxygen (45.7\u2009\u00b1\u20098.9% vs 29.3\u2009\u00b1\u20096.1%, \n<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We confirm the previously reported finding that most patients with childhood ILD and a distinctive pattern of GG distribution on CT scan are likely to have NEHI. The amount of GG may be a biomarker for severity of respiratory disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]],"date-time":"2019-03-07T05:18:51Z","timestamp":1551935931000},"page":"822-827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Ground\u2010glass burden as a biomarker in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3720-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Spielberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"},{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonary Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan S.","family":"Brody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon New Hampshire"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"},{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Towe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e3283464a37"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2016.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22718"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-1304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0302-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2743"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201305-0923ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201508-1655OC"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_6_1_14_1","first-page":"1730","article-title":"Rare becomes more common: recognizing neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy in everyday pulmonary consultations","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Connor MG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201603-155BC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132013000500007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e3182a21969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2467-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-005-1450-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3686-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198708000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.02.683"}],"container-title":["Pediatric 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