{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T03:06:45Z","timestamp":1787627205655,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep\u2010disordered breathing (SDB) is common in children with Down syndrome, but the trajectory and long\u2010term outcomes are not well\u2010described. In a retrospective longitudinal cohort of children with Down syndrome, study objectives were to (1) characterize polysomnography (PSG), treatments received, and persistence\/recurrence of SDB and (2) explore predictors of SDB persistence\/recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted of children who underwent PSGs between 2004 and 2014. SDB was defined as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)\u2010mixed (apnea\u2010hypopnea index [AHI] &gt;5 events\/hour), central sleep apnea or hypoventilation. PSGs, interventions, and trajectory of SDB were described. Age, body mass index (BMI) <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score and AHI at first SDB diagnosis were evaluated as predictors of persistent\/recurrent SDB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 506 children, 120 had \u22651 PSG; 54 had subsequent PSGs. Children with \u22652 PSGs were more likely to have higher total AHI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) and obstructive\u2010mixed AHI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01). Thirty\u2010five of fifty\u2010four (65%) were initially diagnosed with OSA\u2010mixed SDB. After first PSG, 67 of 120 had OSA\u2010mixed SDB, of whom 25 (37.3%) underwent adenotonsillectomy (T&amp;A), 13 (19.4%) received positive airway pressure (PAP). Those who underwent T&amp;A after PSG were significantly younger than those who received PAP (median age 6.2 vs 12.5 years; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.005). OSA\u2010mixed SDB persisted\/recurred in 33 of 54 (73.3%) with \u22652 PSGs. Persistence\/recurrence was not associated with age, AHI or BMI <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score at first SDB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with Down syndrome undergoing T&amp;A for SDB were significantly younger than those treated with PAP. SDB persisted\/recurred in three of four and was not predicted by age, SDB severity or BMI <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score. Longitudinal PSG assessment for persistence\/recurrence of SDB is required in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T04:32:35Z","timestamp":1559881955000},"page":"1291-1296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Treatment and persistence\/recurrence of sleep\u2010disordered breathing in children with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Joy","family":"Nehme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"LaBerge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario University of Ottawa Ottawa 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Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Monsour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1879-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherri L.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa 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