{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T12:33:38Z","timestamp":1772541218759,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transnasal pulmonary aerosol delivery using high\u2010flow nasal cannula (HFNC) devices has become a popular route of aerosol administration in toddlers. Clinically, albuterol is administered using an infusion pump or unit doses. However, little evidence is available to compare the two administration strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A toddler manikin (15\u2009kg) with appropriate anatomic airway was connected with collecting filter to a simulator of distressed breathing. HFNC device with mesh nebulizer placed at the inlet of a humidifier at 37\u00b0C, with the gas flow set at 25 and 3.75\u2009L\/min. Five milligrams of albuterol was delivered in all experiments. With infusion pump administration, albuterol concentrations of 5 and 1\u2009mg\/mL were delivered at 4 and 20\u2009mL\/hr for 15\u2009minutes. With unit dose administration, 1 mL (5\u2009mg\/mL) and 2\u2009mL (2.5\u2009mg\/mL) of albuterol were nebulized. Additional tests with mouth open and nebulizers via mask were using 5\u2009mg\/1\u2009mL for mesh nebulizer and 5\u2009mg\/3\u2009mL for jet nebulizer (n\u2009=\u20093). The drug was eluted from the filter and assayed with UV spectrophotometry (276\u2009nm).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inhaled dose was higher with unit dose than infusion pump administration with gas flows of 25\u2009L\/min (2.66\u2009\u00b1\u20090.38 vs 1.16\u2009\u00b1\u20090.28%; <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009.004) and 3.75\u2009L\/min (10.51\u2009\u00b1\u20091.29 vs 8.58\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68%; <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009.025). During unit dose administration, compared with closed\u2010mouth breathing, open\u2010mouth breathing generated a higher inhaled dose at 3.75\u2009L\/min and lower inhaled dose at 25\u2009L\/min. Compared to the nebulizers via mask with both open and closed\u2010mouth breathing, nebulization via HFNC at 3.75\u2009L\/min generated greater inhaled dose, while HFNC at 25\u2009L\/min generated lower inhaled dose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>During transnasal aerosol delivery, the inhaled dose was higher with medication administrated using unit dose than using an infusion pump.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T14:15:45Z","timestamp":1575036945000},"page":"322-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["In vitro comparison of unit dose vs infusion pump administration of albuterol via high\u2010flow nasal cannula in toddlers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Care, Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital Fu Dan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Care, Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois"},{"name":"Aerogen Pharma Corp San Mateo California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6705e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Overview of Emergency Department Visits in the United States, 2011","author":"Weiss AJ","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma","author":"National Asthma Education and Prevention Program","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Bronchodilator resuscitation in the emergency department. 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