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Previous studies have reported the incidence and risk factors of FAO in adults; however, the corresponding factors in children remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of FAO in children and adolescents with asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational and prospective cohort study with a 4\u2010year follow\u2010up of clinically stable patients with asthma (from 6\u20108\u00a0years old). Anthropometric data, history of asthma, number of hospitalizations, frequent exacerbations, asthma severity, asthma control, inhaled corticosteroid dose, atopy, and lung function were analyzed as potential risk factors for FAO. FAO was defined by a ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first second to the forced vital capacity below the lower limit of normal, even after inhaled and oral corticosteroid treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred and twenty\u2010eight patients were recruited, and 358 were analyzed. The FAO incidence in children and adolescents with asthma was 9.5% (n\u2009=\u200934), starting at 10 years of age. Age, body mass index, hospitalizations for asthma, bronchodilator response, frequent exacerbations, length of exacerbations, and asthma severity were associated with FAO. Frequent exacerbations (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20094.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.3\u201011.7) and asthma severity categorized as steps 4 to 5 (OR\u2009=\u20093.5; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.6\u20107.6) remained risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Frequent exacerbations and asthma severity are the risk factors for FAO in children and adolescents with asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T18:12:41Z","timestamp":1578420761000},"page":"591-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Risk factors for fixed airflow obstruction in children and adolescents with asthma: 4\u2010Year follow\u2010up"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4896-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey W.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna L.","family":"Barros Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Darcy Vargas Children's Hospital  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9690-9371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milton","family":"Arruda Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3046-3412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celso R. 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