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The objective of this document is to provide a framework for the diagnosis and management of the respiratory complications that are associated with the condition. As there are no randomized controlled studies on the subject, a group of experts used a modification of the Rand Appropriateness Method to describe the various aspects of the condition in terms of their relative importance, and to rate the available diagnostic methods and therapeutic interventions on the basis of their appropriateness and necessity. Specific recommendations were formulated and reported as Level A, B, and C based on whether they were based on \u201cstrong\u201d, \u201cmoderate\u201d or \u201cweak\u201d agreement. The tracheomalacia that exists in the site of the fistula was considered the main abnormality that predisposes to all other respiratory complications due to airway collapse and impaired clearance of secretions. Aspiration due to impaired airway protection reflexes is the main underlying contributing mechanism. Flexible bronchoscopy is the main diagnostic modality, aided by imaging modalities, especially CT scans of the chest. Noninvasive positive airway pressure support, surgical techniques such as tracheopexy and rarely tracheostomy are required for the management of severe tracheomalacia. Regular long\u2010term follow\u2010up by a multidisciplinary team was considered imperative. Specific templates outlining the elements of the clinical respiratory evaluation according to the patients\u2019 age were also developed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T11:56:34Z","timestamp":1595850994000},"page":"2713-2729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Care recommendations for the respiratory complications of esophageal atresia\u2010tracheoesophageal fistula"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4400-4885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastassios C.","family":"Koumbourlis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary &amp; Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital George Washington University School of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences  Washington District of 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