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Search results were limited to English\u2010language papers with (a) patients less than 22\u2009years at initiation, (b) patients who used invasive ventilation (IV) via tracheostomy or noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and (c) data on mortality or liberation from LTV. Data were presented using descriptive statistics; changes in outcomes over time were explored using linear regression. Follow\u2010up variability, cohort heterogeneity, and insufficient data precluded combining data to estimate incidences or rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and thirty papers with 12\u2009704 patients were included. The median number of patients was 37 (interquartile range [IQR] 17\u201074, range 6\u20103802). Twenty\u2010five percent of patients were initiated on IV; 75% on NIV. The maximum follow\u2010up ranged from 0.5 to 31.8\u2009years (median 8.8\u2009years). The median proportion of patients liberated in these papers was 3% (IQR 0%\u201021%). The median proportion of mortality was 18% (IQR 8%\u201027%). Proportions of liberation and mortality did not significantly change over time. Progression of underlying disease (44%), respiratory illness (19%), and LTV accident (11%) were the most common causes of death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These papers collectively show most patients survive for many years using LTV; in many subgroups, death is a more common outcome than liberation. However, the limitations of these papers preclude robust prognostication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,2]],"date-time":"2020-08-02T08:20:52Z","timestamp":1596356452000},"page":"2853-2862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Liberation and mortality outcomes in pediatric long\u2010term ventilation: A qualitative systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Candice M.","family":"Foy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Stony Brook University Medical Center Stony Brook New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4511-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica L.","family":"Koncicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Critical Care, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8648-248X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Columbia University Valegos College of Physician and Surgeons New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation of patients with late stage Duchenne muscular dystrophy: management in the home","volume":"60","author":"Alexander MA","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.141721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NHH.0b013e3182429243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"MaiettiC EdwardsJ KoncickiM. 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