{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:09:35Z","timestamp":1790255375131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although short binasal prongs (SBP) are the most common interface for noninvasive ventilation, the \u201cdouble\u2010inspiratory loop cannulas\u201d (DILC) have recently been introduced into many neonatal intensive care units. DILC show advantages over SBP, including reduced nasal trauma and increased comfort. However, their higher intrinsic resistance may compromise ventilation. Our aim was to test a new, low resistance DILC interface.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A test lung was programmed to simulate preterm neonates (500\u20132000\u2009g\u2009BW) with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe respiratory distress syndrome. The artificial nose was designed to keep prongs\u2010to\u2010nares leaks to around 30%. Giulia\u00ae ventilator (GINEVRI srl) was used to provide nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and flow synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). NCPAP was set at 4\u201310\u2009cmH\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O and synchronized\u2010NIPPV (SNIPPV) at peak inspiratory pressure, 15\u201320\u201325\u2009cmH\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O; inspiratory time, 0.3\u20130.5\u2009s; and positive end\u2010expiratory pressure, 5\u20138\u2009cmH\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O. Four sizes of Sync\u2010flow Cannula\u00ae (GINEVRI srl) were tested. The Sync\u2010flow Cannula\u00ae was compared with Neotech RAM\u00ae cannula and Ginevri SBP\u00ae. The outcome measures were the flow\/pressure relationship through the four Sync\u2010flow Cannula\u00ae sizes, the difference in resistance, the drop in ventilator\u2010alveoli pressure measured by the test lung and the system response time during flow\u2010SNIPPV.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The smaller DILC sizes had the lowest flow\u2010pressure ratio. The resistance of the RAM\u00ae cannula was significantly higher compared to the other interfaces (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). With 30% leaks, there was a 4\u201338% ventilator\u2010alveoli drop in pressure, depending on interface size. The system response time was excellent (~65\u201370\u2009ms).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With about 30% leaks, the Sync\u2010flow Cannula\u00ae interfaces result in good pressure transmission and give optimal performance for flow\u2010SNIPPV. Clinical studies are needed to confirm the clinical relevance of these data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T12:56:25Z","timestamp":1605012985000},"page":"400-408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Flow\u2010synchronized NIPPV with double\u2010inspiratory loop cannula: An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Corrado","family":"Moretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Consultant in Paediatrics, Policlinico Umberto I Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Lista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmet of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology \u201cV. Buzzi\u201d\u2010Ospedale dei Bambini\u2010ASST\u2010FBF\u2010Sacco  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virgilio","family":"Carnielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences Polytechnic University of Marche  Ancona Marche Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mother and Child Health \u201cG. Salesi\u201d Children's Hospital\u2010Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona  Ancona Marche Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3305-7014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Gizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology \u201cSan Giovanni Calibita\u201d Fatebenefratelli Hospital \u2010 Isola Tiberina  Rome 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