{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:15:10Z","timestamp":1785500110349,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 40% of hypoxemic term\/near\u2010term neonates are nonresponders to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Phenotypic characterization of patients less likely to respond may improve diagnostic precision and therapeutic decisions. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of neonates born \u226535 weeks gestation with hypoxemia who received iNO in the first 72\u2009h of life and classified them into responders and nonresponders according to changes in the fraction of inspired oxygen, saturations and\/or arterial partial pressure of oxygen after 1\u2009h of administration. Comprehensive targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnECHO) data were collected when performed up to 6\u2009h prior or 24\u2009h after iNO initiation. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and binary logistic regression were used to compare the groups. There were 183 patients included (63% responders) and TnECHO was performed in 54 infants. The presence of lung disease, and particularly meconium aspiration syndrome (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004), was associated with nonresponse to iNO. Nonresponders were characterized by a higher need for rescue high\u2010frequency ventilation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), longer duration of mechanical ventilation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and need for oxygen support (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003). Pulmonary hypertension documented on TnECHO was present in 96.3% of the patients but there was no difference in frequency or severity of pulmonary hypertension, or rates of low cardiac output between the groups. Moderate\u2010to\u2010severe right ventricular systolic dysfunction (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05) and lower left ventricular strain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) were more likely in the nonresponder group. In summary, response to iNO is influenced by lung disease, choice of ventilation strategy, and perhaps underlying cardiovascular physiology. Prospective pre\u2010 and post\u2010iNO echocardiography data may provide novel physiologic insights.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T10:09:00Z","timestamp":1610705340000},"page":"982-991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical and echocardiography predictors of response to inhaled nitric oxide in hypoxemic term and near\u2010term neonates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9218-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrianne R.","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regan E.","family":"Giesinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa Iowa City 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