{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:52:39Z","timestamp":1787165559186,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We aimed at evaluating pressure transmission and stability during non\u2010synchronized neonatal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) delivered using five mechanical ventilators and three nasal interfaces. An artificial nose\u2013throat model was connected to a mechanical analog of the infant respiratory system and a breath generator. Ventilation was administrated via a nasal mask (NM), short bi\u2010nasal prongs (SBN), or RAM\u00ae cannula. We applied positive end\u2010expiratory pressures (PEEP) of 5 and 10\u2009cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O, inspiratory pressures (PIP) of 15 and 30\u2009cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O, inspiratory times of 0.23, 0.42, and 0.57\u2009s. Measurements were performed with leaks of 0, 1.5, and 4\u2009L\/min. The pressure was measured at the airways opening (P\n                    <jats:sub>AW<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and the glottis (P\n                    <jats:sub>GL<\/jats:sub>\n                    ).\u00a0The difference between set and delivered pressures (P\n                    <jats:sub>AW<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was less than \u00b11\u2009cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O for all ventilators. We documented a significant difference between P\n                    <jats:sub>AW<\/jats:sub>\n                    and P\n                    <jats:sub>GL<\/jats:sub>\n                    in the presence of leaks. With 4\u2009L\/min leaks, PEEP dropped by 43%, 49%, and 63% with NM, SBP, and RAM\u00ae cannula, respectively; PIP dropped by 58%, 64%, and 74%. On average, the SD of PEEP fluctuations was \u00b10.60 and \u00b12.50\u2009cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O for P\n                    <jats:sub>AW<\/jats:sub>\n                    and P\n                    <jats:sub>GL<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; the breath\u2010by\u2010breath SD of PIP was \u00b10.77 and \u00b12.06\u2009cmH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O. During NIPPV, the PIP and PEEP transmission to the glottis is markedly lower than the set values and highly variable. The impact of leaks and nasal interface is much more significant than the differences in ventilators' performance on the efficacy of pressure transmission and stability of non\u2010synchronized ventilator\u2010generated NIPPV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T06:03:21Z","timestamp":1621317801000},"page":"2561-2569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Role of ventilator and nasal interface in pressure transmission during neonatal intermittent positive pressure ventilation: A bench study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Camilla","family":"Rigotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma  Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5834-3837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Zannin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma  Monza Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Dognini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma  Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3672-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Dellac\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma  Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911783"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","article-title":"Early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm infants","volume":"2016","author":"Lemyre B","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","article-title":"Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm neonates after extubation","volume":"2017","author":"Lemyre B","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"544","article-title":"Effects of imposed resistance on tidal volume with 5 neonatal nasal continuous positive airway pressure systems","volume":"55","author":"Cook SE","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03718"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31827212e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1675330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24752"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","article-title":"Use of the RAM cannula with early bubble continuous positive airway pressure requires higher pressures: clinical and in vitro evaluations","author":"Claassen CC","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315838"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.87.1.F42"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.172957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","article-title":"Flow\u2010synchronized NIPPV with double\u2013inspiratory loop cannula: An in vitro study","author":"Moretti C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.929659"}],"container-title":["Pediatric 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