{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:45:04Z","timestamp":1790318704931,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL149693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL149693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009068","name":"Consejo Nacional de Innovaci\u00f3n, Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#1141195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1141195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosing asthma in preschool children remains an unsolved challenge, at a time when early identification would allow for better education and treatment to prevent morbidity and lung function deterioration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate if the asthma predictive index (API) can be used as surrogate for asthma diagnosis in preschoolers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Birth cohort of 339 pregnant women enrolled at delivery and their offspring, who were followed for atopy, wheezing, and other respiratory illnesses through 30 months of age. The API was determined at 30 months of age by the researchers; and examined its association with physician\u2010diagnosed asthma during the first 30 months, made independently by the primary care physician not involved in the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 307 offspring with complete follow\u2010up, 44 (14.3%) were API+. Maternal body mass index, maternal education, past oral contraceptive use, birthweight, placenta weight, age of daycare at 12\u2009m, gastroesophageal reflux disease at 12\u2009m, acute otitis media at 18\u2009m, bronchiolitis, croup and pneumonia, cord blood adiponectin were all associated with API+. In the multivariable analysis, API+ was associated with almost sixfold odds of asthma diagnosis (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20095.7, 95% CI [2.6\u201312.3]), after adjusting for the relevant covariates above including respiratory infections like bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The API sensitivity was 48%, specificity 92%, 61% PPV, 88% NPV, 6.4 LR+, 0.56 LR\u2212, 0.84 diagnosis accuracy. The adjusted odds for asthma was 11.4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This longitudinal birth cohort suggests, for first time, that API (a structured definition for asthma), could be used as a diagnostic tool, not only as a prognostic tool, in toddlers and preschoolers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T17:41:30Z","timestamp":1627494090000},"page":"3183-3188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The asthma predictive index as a surrogate diagnostic tool in preschoolers: Analysis of a longitudinal birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0708-4281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Castro\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6497-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick","family":"Forno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oslando","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Casanello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo J.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de O'Higgins  Rancagua Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7904-262X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Borzutzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, and Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago 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