{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T06:52:18Z","timestamp":1763967138929,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bronchial challenge test (BCT) measures current airways\u2010hyperreactivity, however, its predictive role in pre\u2010school children (&lt;6 years) for the diagnosis of asthma at school age is still debatable. We aimed to find whether preschool children with a positive adenosine or methacholine BCT are more prone to asthma at school age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included children aged 6\u201313 years with respiratory symptoms that were previously referred to our pulmonary function laboratory for BCT (methacholine or adenosine, depending on the question asked) at age 10 months to 6 years (baseline). BCT was considered positive based on spirometry results or wheezing, desaturation, and tachypnea reactions. The primary\u00a0outcome measure was asthma diagnosis at school age using the well\u2010validated International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. We used logistic regression analysis to explore whether positive BCT could predict school\u2010age asthma while including age and collected modified asthma predictive index\u00a0in the model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and fifty\u2010one of 189 children (53% males), completed the ISAAC questionnaire (response rate\u2009=\u200980%). Mean ages at BCT and at follow\u2010up were 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.28 and 9.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.85 years, respectively. At baseline, 40 of 67 had a positive adenosine test and 73 of 84 had a positive methacholine BCT. Thirty\u2010nine children were diagnosed with asthma at school age. Logistic regression analysis showed that a positive adenosine test at pre\u2010school age was the best predictor, significantly increasing the odds of asthma at school age by 6.34 (95% CI: 1.23\u201332.81, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.028), while methacholine did not show significance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.69).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choosing the relevant BCT for the question asked, positive adenosine, but not methacholine test, at pre\u2010school, may predict asthma at school age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T20:18:53Z","timestamp":1629317933000},"page":"3200-3208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Can bronchial challenge test with adenosine or methacholine at preschool age predict school\u2010age asthma?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tal","family":"Golan\u2010Lagziel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology Unit The Edith Wolfson Medical Center  Holon Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8782-3779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avigdor","family":"Mandelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology Unit The Edith Wolfson Medical Center  Holon Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonatan","family":"Wolfson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology Unit The Edith Wolfson Medical Center  Holon Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorit","family":"Ater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology Unit Assuta Ashdod Hospital  Ashdod Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1191-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keren","family":"Armoni Domany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology Unit The Edith Wolfson Medical Center  Holon Israel"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3132\/pcrj.2007.00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7040.1195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4104\/pcrj.2014.00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00428-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2012.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22926"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma\u2014NCBI Bookshelf.https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK7232\/. 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