{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T21:07:27Z","timestamp":1782421647123,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL145669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL145669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL141237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL141237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chest radiography (CXR) is a noninvasive imaging approach commonly used to evaluate lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children. However, the specific imaging patterns of pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) on CXR, their relationship to clinical outcomes, and the possible differences from LRTIs caused by other viruses in children remain to be defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cross\u2010sectional study of patients seen at a pediatric hospital with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\u2010confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200995). Patients were subdivided in infants (0\u20132 years, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927), children (3\u201310 years, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927), and adolescents (11\u201319 years, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200941). A sample of young children (0\u20132 years, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200968) with other viral lower respiratory infections (LRTI) was included to compare their CXR features with the subset of infants (0\u20132 years) with COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010five percent of pediatric patients with COVID\u201019 were hospitalized and 20% required admission to intensive care unit (ICU). The most common abnormalities identified were ground\u2010glass opacifications (GGO)\/consolidations (35%) and increased peribronchial markings\/cuffing (33%). GGO\/consolidations were more common in older individuals and perihilar markings were more common in younger subjects. Subjects requiring hospitalization or ICU admission had significantly more GGO\/consolidations in CXR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Typical CXR features of pediatric viral LRTI (e.g., hyperinflation) were more common in non\u2010COVID\u201019 viral LRTI cases than in COVID\u201019 cases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CXR may be a complemental exam in the evaluation of moderate or severe pediatric COVID\u201019 cases. The severity of GGO\/consolidations seen in CXR is predictive of clinically relevant outcomes. Hyperinflation could potentially aid clinical assessment in distinguishing COVID\u201019 from other types of viral LRTI in young children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:59:40Z","timestamp":1630936780000},"page":"3891-3898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Chest X\u2010ray lung imaging features in pediatric COVID\u201019 and comparison with viral lower respiratory infections in young children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8621-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Nino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Children's National Hospital Washington District Columbia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics George Washington University School of Medicine 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