{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:28:52Z","timestamp":1762432132681,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is often manifested as wheezing. Reassessing the role of TBM in persistent wheezing in children is essential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We selected children who were diagnosed with TBM by bronchoscopy and who underwent bronchoscopic reexamination for persistent wheezing or chronic cough between January 2009 and July 2019. The clinical and bronchoscopy data were collected and retrospectively reviewed. For statistical analysis, we used the Kaplan\u2013Meier method, Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, and Fisher exact test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 79 patients (57 males and 22 females) were included. The median age of the first TBM diagnosis was 7 (interquartile [IQR] 4\u201311) months. The median age of the first wheezing episode was 4 (IQR 3\u20137) months. During the time interval between the two bronchoscopies, malacia lesions resolved in 50 patients (63.3%), improvement was seen in 14 patients (17.7%), no change was observed in 11 patients (13.9%), and the condition was aggravated in 4 patients (5.1%). The malacia lesions in 37 patients resolved before 2 years of age. Among the 50 resolved patients, 22 patients (44.0%) reported wheezing three times or more between bronchoscopy evaluations, and 13 of these 22 patients (59.1%) with atopy or family history of allergic diseases were ultimately diagnosed with bronchial asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children with persistent wheezing, the role of TBM should be reassessed, especially in those with atopy or family history of allergic diseases, and bronchial asthma should be considered early.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T07:20:05Z","timestamp":1642490405000},"page":"976-981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reassessing the role of tracheobronchomalacia in persistent wheezing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jielin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7704-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianchuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key 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