{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:53:20Z","timestamp":1747151600012,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007561","name":"Chiesi Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Scientific Research Proposals 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scientific Research Proposals 2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the relationship between lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), in the first 2 years of life and lung function at school age in the Piccolipi\u00f9 birth cohort (Italy).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on LRTI (doctor diagnosis of bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia) and wheezing (\u22653 episodes or a diagnosis of asthmatic bronchitis) in the first 2 years of life were obtained from parental questionnaires.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Lung function was assessed at 7 years by spirometry and forced volume vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009s (FEV1), FEV1\/FVC, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75%, and at 75% of FVC (FEF<jats:sub>25\u201375<\/jats:sub> and FEF<jats:sub>75<\/jats:sub>) were reported as Z\u2010scores. The associations between LRTI and spirometric variables were estimated with linear regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 877 children studied, 22.1% had LRTI only, 5.4% wheezing only, 13.2% had both, and 59.3% had neither LRTI nor wheezing. Children with LRTI had lower FVC and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> than children without (Z\u2010score differences: \u22120.18 [95% confidence intervals: \u22120.31; \u22120.06] and \u22120.15 [\u22120.27; \u22120.03]). When children were stratified by history of both LRTI and wheezing, there was no association between LRTI only and spirometric values. Conversely, having had both LRTI and wheezing was inversely associated with all lung function measures: Z\u2010score differences of \u22120.24 (\u22120.42; \u22120.07); \u22120.42 (\u22120.59; \u22120.24); \u22120.25 (\u22120.41; \u22120.08); \u22120.37 (\u22120.54; \u22120.21); \u22120.30 (\u22120.46; \u22120.14) for FVC, FEV<jats:sub>1,<\/jats:sub> FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC, FEF<jats:sub>25\u201375<\/jats:sub> and FEF<jats:sub>75,<\/jats:sub> respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infants with wheezing and LRTI, but not those with LRTI only, had reduced lung function at school\u2010age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T01:44:11Z","timestamp":1642643051000},"page":"857-861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lung function at school age in infants with lower respiratory tract infections with and without wheezing: A birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9544-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franca","family":"Rusconi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology Meyer Children's University Hospital Florence Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mother and Child Health Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology Meyer Children's University Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Spada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology Meyer Children's University Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Brescianini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Science and Mental Health Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Culasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Di Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Frassanito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences Sapienza University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Richiardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin, CPO Piemonte Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Ronfani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ileana","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics Maria Vittoria Hospital Turin Italy"},{"name":"Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences Eastern Piedmont University Novara Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology and Pediatrics Ospedale 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