{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:38:11Z","timestamp":1784198291272,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postnatal respiratory failure is common in preterm neonates and is difficult to distinguish from early\u2010onset neonatal bacterial infection by clinical symptoms. Similar to C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) is used as a marker of bacterial infection. Recently, it has been reported that the serum PCT levels increase because of respiratory failure immediately after birth. However, there is insufficient information concerning the relationship between biological inflammation markers, such as PCT and CRP, and postnatal respiratory condition severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm neonates were classified according to the received respiratory management as follows: nonrespiratory support (NRS), respiratory support (RS), surfactant administration therapy (STA), and STA with nitric oxide inhalation therapy (NO). The median serum PCT and CRP levels at 12\u201336\u2009h postnatally were compared among the four groups. Additionally, the median serum PCT and CRP levels in the STA group were compared by STA timing and STA number.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PCT levels for the NRS, RS, STA, and NO groups were 1.04, 6.46, 12.93, and 86.79\u2009\u03bcg\/L, respectively; the CRP levels were 0.40, 0.80, 1.10, and 16.40\u2009mg\/L, respectively. The PCT levels were significantly lower among neonates receiving STA in the birth subgroup (4.82\u2009\u03bcg\/L) than among those receiving STA in the admission subgroup (14.71\u2009\u03bcg\/L). The PCT levels were significantly higher among the STA multiple\u2010dose subgroup (24.87\u2009\u03bcg\/L) than among the STA single\u2010dose subgroup (12.47\u2009\u03bcg\/L). No significant differences in the CRP levels were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The serum PCT levels in preterm neonates were associated with postnatal respiratory condition severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T10:44:49Z","timestamp":1642848289000},"page":"1272-1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Procalcitonin is associated with postnatal respiratory condition severity in preterm neonate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9173-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanori","family":"Iwai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Center Kumamoto University Hospital  Kumamoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medical 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