{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:21:10Z","timestamp":1792790470479,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Echinococcus granulosus is a major public health problem in lower middle\u2010income countries (LMIC). Children are commonly diagnosed with cysts in the lungs and\/or the liver.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to describe a pediatric cohort diagnosed with pulmonary Cystic Echinococcus (CE) and treated with a combination of medical and surgical therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective study performed between July 2017 and December 2020 at Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, medical, and surgery\u2010related outcomes were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cohort consisted of 35 children, 17 (49%) were male, with a mean age of 9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4 years. The most frequently encountered presenting symptom was cough (93%) followed by fever (70%). Isolated pulmonary CE accounted for the majority of cases (74%) with left lower lobe predominance. A significant proportion of the cohort exhibited chest computed tomography (CT) characteristics consistent with complicated pulmonary CE. Eighteen (58%) children had a positive indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) test result. All children received medical treatment whilst 30 (86%) of children required surgery. Children with complicated pulmonary CE stayed a mean of 12.5\u2009\u00b1\u20096.6 days, while those with simple cysts stayed 6.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Isolated pulmonary CE is common in children, whereas extrapulmonary cysts are uncommon. Pulmonary CE is diagnosed using chest X\u2010ray and, CT imaging. IHA serology has limited diagnostic utility for pulmonary CE. Combined surgery and chemotherapy remains the gold standard for treating pulmonary CE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T06:39:31Z","timestamp":1644043171000},"page":"1173-1179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pulmonary Echinococcus in children: A descriptive study in a LMIC"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Lunga","family":"Mfingwana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-1307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Goussard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizelle","family":"van Wyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre G.","family":"Gie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rusha A. 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