{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T15:23:47Z","timestamp":1771860227346,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The long\u2010term follow\u2010up of lung function (LF) in extremely preterm (EP) infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has shown a worldwide increase in small airway obstructions (SAO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the relationships between intrauterine <jats:italic>Ureplasma<\/jats:italic> infection in EP infants and bubbly\/cystic lung, BPD, and SAO at school age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Placental pathology, placental <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> DNA (pU\u2010DNA), and cord blood immunoglobulin M (IgM) (C\u2010IgM) were investigated in 360 EP infants born from 1981 to 2004. Maternal amniotic inflammatory response (M\u2010AIR) scores and hemosiderin deposition (HD) were estimated in the chorioamnion. The study subjects were divided into groups based on their M\u2010AIR scores. Their LF at school age was compared with those of 33 healthy siblings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>pU\u2010DNA and C\u2010IgM were significantly related to SAO at school age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.012). M\u2010AIR score 3 and pU\u2010DNA &gt;1000 units had an odds ratio (OR) of 35 (95% confidence interval: 10\u2013172) and 18 (5.6\u201367) for bubbly\/cystic lung, and 11 (3.1\u2009\u2212\u200943) and 31 (4.5\u2013349) for severe BPD, and 5.3 (2.1\u201311) and 12 (2.4\u201374) for SAO, respectively. The ORs of surfactant treatment, BPD grade III, O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at 40 weeks, HD, and C\u2010IgM &gt;30\u2009mg\/dl for SAO were 0.21 (0.075\u20130.58), 5.3 (2.1\u201315), 2.5 (1.4\u20134.6), 3.6 (1.5\u20139.1) and 2.5 (1.0\u20135.2). 84% (90\/107) SAO infants showed no or mild BPD in infancy, and 61% of infants had no severe CAM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our long\u2010term cohort study of LF in EP infants revealed that intrauterine <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> was associated with bubbly\/cystic lung, severe BPD, and SAO at school age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]],"date-time":"2022-08-06T03:05:00Z","timestamp":1659755100000},"page":"2763-2773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intrauterine <i>Ureaplasma<\/i> is associated with small airway obstruction in extremely preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kitajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Fujimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kawamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoaki","family":"Sumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsura","family":"Matsunami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka 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