{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T18:57:12Z","timestamp":1784055432333,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with Chiari malformation type I (CM\u2010I) have an increased risk of sleep apnea. The aim of the study was to describe the management of CM\u2010I patients in relation to symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical charts of all 57 CM\u2010I patients seen between September 2013 and April 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 45 patients had isolated CM\u2010I or associated co\u2010morbidity (CM\u2010Iia), 5 had craniosynostosis (CM\u2010Ics), and 7 a polymalformative syndrome (CM\u2010Ipm). The prevalence of SAS, defined as an apnea\u2010hypopnea index &gt;1 event\/h, was high in CM\u2010I ranging from 50% to 80% according to the CM\u2010I group. The prevalence of central sleep apnea (CSA) was low, with 5 (9%) patients having CSA and only 3 patients with CM\u2010Iia having isolated CSA. A total of 17 patients (30%) had foramen magnum decompression (FMD). Neither positive symptoms of CM\u2010I nor MRI findings alone, nor both combined were good indicators for FMD. No correlation was observed between the cerebellar tonsil descent and SAS in CM\u2010I. But all 5 patients with CSA had a FMD. The combination of MRI findings and\/or symptoms of CM\u2010I together with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe SAS best discriminated patients who needed a FMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings highlight the importance of a combined evaluation of symptoms, MRI and polygraphy results in the management of CM\u2010I patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T09:33:47Z","timestamp":1660383227000},"page":"2954-2962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of sleep\u2010disordered breathing on the management of children with Chiari malformation type I"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Foteini","family":"Vagianou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Noninvasive Ventilation and Sleep Unit, AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital 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