{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:40:10Z","timestamp":1790286010738,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      is one of the bacterial pathogens associated with childhood pneumonia, but its clinical importance is not clearly defined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to investigate the microbiologic and virulence characteristics of\n                      <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates obtained from children with pneumonia in Lusaka, Zambia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective, cross\u2010sectional study analyzed 91\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from induced sputum samples of children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study in Lusaka, Zambia between 2011 and 2014. Bacteria identification and virulence genes detection were performed by PCR and DNA sequencing, while antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by the Kirby\u2013Bauer method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All the\n                      <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were obtained from good\u2010quality sputum samples and were the predominant bacteria. These isolates harbored virulence genes\n                      <jats:italic>copB<\/jats:italic>\n                      (100%),\n                      <jats:italic>ompE<\/jats:italic>\n                      (69.2%),\n                      <jats:italic>ompCD<\/jats:italic>\n                      (71.4%),\n                      <jats:italic>uspA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (92.3%), and\n                      <jats:italic>uspA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      (69.2%) and were all \u03b2\u2010lactamase producers. They showed resistance to ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole (92.3%), ciprofloxacin (46.2%), chloramphenicol (45.1%), erythromycin (36.3%), tetracycline (25.3%), cefuroxime (11.0%), and amoxicillin\u2010clavulanate (2.2%), with 78.0% displaying multi\u2010drug resistant phenotype but all susceptible to imipenem (100%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study showed that\n                      <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were the predominant or only bacterial isolates from the sputum samples analyzed. The findings provide supportive evidence for the pathogenic potential role of this bacterium in pediatric pneumonia. High multidrug resistance was also observed amongst the isolates, which can result in affected patients not responding to standard treatment, leading to prolonged illness, increased healthcare costs, and risk of death.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T07:28:45Z","timestamp":1662190125000},"page":"3084-3093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Microbiologic and virulence characteristics of\n                    <i>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/i>\n                    isolates from Zambian children presenting with acute pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0531-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukena","family":"Nawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Mwansa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, School of Medicine Lusaka Apex Medical University Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mwaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kaonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew N.","family":"Mukubesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelo","family":"Simuyandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline C.","family":"Chisenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Alabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Mwananyanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald M.","family":"Thea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roma","family":"Chilengi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Kwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2019.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167725"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"w13694","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of infections caused by moraxella catarrhalis in children","volume":"142","author":"Bernhard S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1217-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0779-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30721-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2019.551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.9.3666-3671.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria; Approved Guideline. M45\u2010A. 2014; 26:28\u201029."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7185-2_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2010.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters Version 11.0. 2021. Accessed July 7 2021.http:\/\/www.eucast.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.1.125-144.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"979","article-title":"Moraxella catarrhalis\u2014a rediscovered pathogen","volume":"2","author":"Prashanth H","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Biol Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.12.2674-2680.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2020.e00712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00304-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/015057-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.042929-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1872213X12666180621163821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01772-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7316257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/370964"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"1342","article-title":"Prevalence and emerging resistance of Moraxella catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract infections in Karachi","volume":"63","author":"Abdullah FE","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3823\/833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Prevalence and resistance pattern of Moraxella catarrhalis causing respiratory tract infections in cancer patients","volume":"18","author":"Samuel S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Online J Health Allied Scs"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Tetracycline resistance in Moraxella catarrhalis clinical strains isolated in Poland","volume":"43","author":"Kr\u00f3l\u2010Turmi\u0144ska K","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.91496","article-title":"Moraxella catarrhalis as a respiratory pathogen","volume":"54","author":"Gupta N","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol and Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2017.1409455"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.26138","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ppul.26138","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.26138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T01:10:25Z","timestamp":1727917825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.26138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.26138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.26138","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}