{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T21:27:42Z","timestamp":1771363662167,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inappropriate humidification of inspired gas during mechanical ventilation can impair lung development in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants. Humidification depends on multiple factors, such as the heater\u2010humidifier device used, type of ventilation, and environmental factors. Few studies have examined inspired gas humidification in these infants, especially during high\u2010frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Our objective was to compare humidity during HFOV and intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), in vitro and in vivo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro and in vivo studies used the same ventilator during both HFOV and IPPV. The bench study used a neonatal test lung and two heater\u2010humidifiers with their specific circuits; the in vivo study prospectively included preterm infants born before 28 weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On bench testing, mean absolute (AH) and relative (RH) humidity values were significantly lower during HFOV than IPPV (RH\u2009=\u200979.4\u2009\u00b1\u20098.1% vs. 89.0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Regardless of the ventilatory mode, mean RH significantly differed between the\u00a0two heater\u2010humidifiers (89.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.7% vs 78.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). The in vivo study included 10 neonates (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD gestational age: 25.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 weeks and birthweight: 624.4\u2009\u00b1\u200996.1\u2009g). Mean RH during HFOV was significantly lower than during IPPV (74.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.7% vs. 83.0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>RH was significantly lower during HFOV than IPPV, both in vitro and in vivo. The type of heater\u2010humidifier also influenced humidification. More systematic measurements of humidity of inspired gas, especially during HFOV, should be considered to optimize humidification and consequently lung protection in ELBW infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T13:07:09Z","timestamp":1663160829000},"page":"66-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Humidity during high\u2010frequency oscillatory ventilation compared to intermittent positive pressure ventilation in extremely preterm neonates: An in vitro and in vivo observational study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9204-5713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Danan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil Creteil France"},{"name":"EMR 7000 IMRB, CNRS, Universite Paris Est Creteil Creteil France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0547-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manon","family":"Tauzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil Creteil France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil Creteil France"},{"name":"Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil Creteil France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Durrmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil Creteil France"},{"name":"EMR 7000 IMRB, CNRS, Universite Paris Est Creteil Creteil France"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil Creteil France"},{"name":"Faculte de Sante Universite Paris Est Creteil Creteil France"},{"name":"GRC CARMAS, IMRB Universite Paris Est Creteil Creteil France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Caeymaex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil Creteil France"},{"name":"Faculte de Sante Universite Paris Est Creteil Creteil France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Treussart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil Creteil France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Decobert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil Creteil France"},{"name":"EMR 7000 IMRB, CNRS, Universite Paris Est Creteil Creteil France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EMR 7000 IMRB, CNRS, Universite Paris Est Creteil Creteil 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