{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T09:56:19Z","timestamp":1769853379784,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 46% of the 5.2 million annual under\u20105 deaths derive from neonatal conditions commonly associated with hypoxemia or acute respiratory distress. It has been estimated that 98% of these deaths occur in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs).\u00a0Effective implementation of noninvasive respiratory support at all levels of healthcare could significantly reduce neonatal mortality. Several factors limit the widespread and effective implementation of noninvasive respiratory support in LMICs, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of proper instrumentation, shortage of skilled staff, costly disposables, and difficulties in the supply of consumables and spare parts. The aim of this state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art paper is to provide a detailed evaluation of the commercially available devices providing noninvasive respiratory support in LMICs, focusing on bubblecontinuous positive airway pressure\u00a0(bCPAP). bCPAP might be administrated using a variety of different commercial devices, including devices specifically designed for LMICs, as well as using self\u2010made systems. We described all the equipment required for safe and effective implementation of bCPAP, including air and oxygen sourced, pressure\u2010reducing valves and flowmeters, air\u2010oxygen blending systems, humidifiers, respiratory support devices, patient circuits, and airway interfaces. Specifically, we critically evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of various existing solutions within the context of low\u2010resource settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T10:35:01Z","timestamp":1670582101000},"page":"643-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bubble CPAP respiratory support devices for infants in low\u2010resource settings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2472-2193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Poletto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technologies for Respiration Laboratory, Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Department (DEIB) Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Trevisanuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Padua University Hospital Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7092-3597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viraraghavan V.","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankura Hospital for Women and Children Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir Hussein Abubacar","family":"Seni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Central da Beira Beira Mozambique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Camillo Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3672-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele L.","family":"Dellac\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technologies for Respiration Laboratory, Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Department (DEIB) Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5834-3837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Zannin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intesive Care Unit at Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196683"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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