{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T02:13:54Z","timestamp":1771640034616,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008368","name":"Suomen Tuberkuloosin Vastustamisyhdistyksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008309","name":"Hengityssairauksien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008309","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007634","name":"Ida Montinin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007634","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term exposure to air pollution is connected to asthma morbidity in children. Exercise\u2010induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is common in asthma, and the free running test outdoors is an important method for diagnosing asthma in children. It is not known whether momentary air pollution exposure affects the results of outdoor exercise tests in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed all reliable exercise challenge tests with impulse oscillometry in children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009868) performed between January 2012 and April 2015 at Tampere University Hospital. Pollutant concentrations (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) at the time of the exercise test were collected from public registers. We compared the pollutant concentrations with the proportion and severity of EIB and adjusted the analyses for air humidity and pollen counts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pollution levels were rarely high (median PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> 6.0\u2009\u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> 12.0\u2009\u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> 47.0\u2009\u00b5g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). The relative change in resistance at 5\u2009Hz after exercise did not correlate with O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentrations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> values 0.065\u22120.884). In multivariate logistic regression, we compared the effects of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> over 10\u2009\u00b5g\/m\u00b3, absolute humidity (AH) over 10\u2009g\/m\u00b3 and alder or birch pollen concentration over 10\u2009grains\/m\u00b3. High (over 10 g\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) AH was associated with decreased incidence (OR 0.31, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value 0.004), and PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> over 10\u2009\u00b5g\/m\u00b3 was associated with increased incidence (OR 1.69, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value 0.036) of EIB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Even low PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> levels may have an effect on EIB in children. Of the other properties of air, only AH was associated with the incidence of EIB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T06:54:18Z","timestamp":1671432858000},"page":"996-1003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exercise\u2010induced bronchoconstriction is associated with air humidity and particulate matter concentration in preschool children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Anna P.","family":"Tikkakoski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Tikkakoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"Sipil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juho E.","family":"Kivist\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Allergy Centre Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heini","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"K\u00e4h\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Allergy Centre Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"Lehtim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Allergy Centre Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2022.https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/gina-reports\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60617-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31679-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30046-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02194-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-0928OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201506-1058OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0407-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2016.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2791"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00426-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":". Air quality guidelines: global update 2005: particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (\u200ePM2.5 and PM10)\u200e ozone nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. World Health Organization. 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03099-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-19-crh-aq-007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20805"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-097X.2002.00396.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60615-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.515603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-642ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00089403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0437ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.59.2.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202103-254RL"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61003-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0001OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379000600110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200809-1484OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414123"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.26284","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ppul.26284","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.26284","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T20:43:17Z","timestamp":1692304997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.26284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.26284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.26284","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}