{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:52:24Z","timestamp":1788306744219,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The goal of this study was to assess the pulmonary sequelae of COVID\u201019 pneumonia in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children (0\u201318 years old) diagnosed with COVID\u201019 pneumonia hospitalized between March 2020 and March 2021 were included in this observational study. All children underwent follow\u2010up visits 3 months postdischarge, and if any abnormalities were stated, a second visit after the next 3 months was scheduled. Clinical assessment included medical history, physical examination, lung ultrasound (LUS) using a standardized protocol, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). PFTs results were compared with healthy children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010one patients with COVID\u201019 pneumonia (severe disease <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093, mechanical ventilation, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090) were included in the study. Persistent symptoms were reported by seven (17.1%) children, the most common was decreased exercise tolerance (57.1%), dyspnea (42.9%), and cough (42.9%). The most prevalent abnormalities in LUS were coalescent B\u2010lines (37%) and small subpleural consolidations (29%). The extent of LUS abnormalities was significantly greater at the first than at the second follow\u2010up visit (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). There were no significant differences in PFTs results neither between the study group and healthy children nor between the two follow\u2010up visits in the study group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study shows that children might experience long\u2010term sequelae following COVID\u201019 pneumonia. In the majority of cases, these are mild and resolve over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T14:28:31Z","timestamp":1671805711000},"page":"1042-1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The outcomes of COVID\u201019 pneumonia in children\u2014clinical, radiographic, and pulmonary function assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Bogus\u0142awski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8313-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Strzelak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kacper","family":"Gajko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Peradzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Popielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's Infectious Diseases Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Marczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's Infectious Diseases Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5360-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Kulus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8370-784X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Krenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pneumonology and Allergy Medical University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Accessed October\u00a031 2022.https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101623"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.560685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0702"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID\u201019) in China","volume":"41","author":"Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and\u00a0Prevention","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30177-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2005073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-321385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-020-00380-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1467"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03801-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2021.1995628"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01341-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-021-00457-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.752385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"Clinical Management of COVID\u201019: Interim Guidance","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00035205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00016-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2006.00682.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000414078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002937"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.621019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"COVID symptom study. How long does COVID\u201019 last? Kings College London. 2020. Accessed November 09 2022.https:\/\/covid19.joinzoe.com\/post\/covid-long-term?fbclid=IwAR1RxIcmmdL-EFjh_aI"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","volume-title":"COVID\u201019 Rapid Guideline: Managing the Long\u2010Term Effects of COVID\u201019","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01127-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13495-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00124-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00198-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.11880"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04600-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","article-title":"Short\u2010term complications and post\u2010acute sequelae in hospitalized paediatric patients with COVID\u201019 and obesity: a multicenter cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Valenzuela G","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmaa045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","first-page":"3034","volume-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol","author":"Caroselli C","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2020.10.013"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.26291","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ppul.26291","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.26291","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T20:43:29Z","timestamp":1692305009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.26291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.26291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.26291","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}