{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T08:18:21Z","timestamp":1777969101272,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm infants have immature control of breathing and impaired pulmonary gas exchange. We hypothesized that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have a blunted ventilatory response and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) instability during a hypoxic challenge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated the response to hypoxia in 57 very preterm infants (38 no BPD, 10 mild BPD, 9 moderate\u2010to\u2010severe BPD) at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. The fraction of inspired oxygen (F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) was reduced stepwise at 5\u2010min intervals to achieve peripheral SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> between 86% and 95%. The lowest permissible F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were 0.14% and 86%. We recorded SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and the respiratory signal (respiratory inductive plethysmography). We calculated respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>), minute ventilation (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>), and respiratory drive (ratio between <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> and inspiratory time, <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>). SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> variability was expressed as the interquartile range (IQR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was reduced from a median (Q1, Q3) of 0.21 (0.21, 0.21) to 0.17 (0.17, 0.18). We observed a marked individual variability in the ventilatory response to the hypoxic challenge, regardless of BPD severity. At the lowest permissible F<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, 37\u00a0(65%) infants reduced their <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>, and 20 (35%) increased minute ventilation; 20\u00a0infants (35%) developed periodic breathing associated with increased SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> IQR and lower SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> minima, and 16 (28%) exhibited an oscillatory pattern in <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub> and SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> without end\u2010expiratory pauses, regardless of BPD severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In very preterm infants, a mild hypoxic challenge reduced ventilation, increased SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> variability and periodic breathing regardless of BPD severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T12:10:06Z","timestamp":1675771806000},"page":"1454-1462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ventilatory response and stability of oxygen saturation during a hypoxic challenge in very preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Zannin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy"},{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori Monza Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0021-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Stoecklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Children's Lung Health University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB) Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane Y.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Australia"},{"name":"Children's Lung Health, Wal\u2010yan Respiratory Centre Telethon Kids Institute Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon J.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Lung Health, Wal\u2010yan Respiratory Centre Telethon Kids Institute Perth Australia"},{"name":"School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin University Perth 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