{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:50:33Z","timestamp":1790279433422,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify factors independently associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detection in infants admitted for viral bronchiolitis during 3 consecutive years, before and during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, in Bogota, Colombia, a middle\u2010income country with a subtropical highland climate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An analytical cross\u2010sectional study was conducted before and during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, including patients with a diagnosis of viral bronchiolitis admitted to all the hospitals of the city between January 2019 and November 2021. We evaluated a set of a priori\u2010selected predictor variables that included individual, healthcare system, meteorological, air pollutant, and COVID\u201019 variables. Since the variables analyzed are hierarchical in nature, multilevel modeling was used to identify factors independently associated with detection of RSV as the causative agent of viral bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 13,177 patients were included in the study. After controlling for potential confounders, it was found that age (odds ratio [OR] 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76\u20130.97), a third level of medical care institution (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.61\u20135.76), temperature (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.24\u20132.07), rainfall (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.001, 1.005), NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95\u20130.99), CO (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.99\u20130.99), and COVID\u201019 pandemic period (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71\u20130.99) were independently associated with RSV detection in our sample of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The identified factors associated with RSV detection provide additional scientific evidence that may be useful in the development of specific interventions aimed at ameliorating or preventing the impact of RSV in Bogota and probably other similar low\u2010 to middle\u2010income countries in high\u2010risk infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T12:13:56Z","timestamp":1689336836000},"page":"2795-2803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multilevel analysis identifying the factors associated with RSV detection in infants admitted for viral bronchiolitis in the era of the COVID\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5454-5984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Villamil\u2010Osorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine Universidad El Bosque Bogota Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, HOMI Fundaci\u00f3n Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico la Misericordia Bogota Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa F.","family":"Moyano\u2010Ariza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Investigation Group Epidemiology and Evaluation in Public Health Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0472-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Camacho\u2010Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, HOMI Fundaci\u00f3n hospital pedi\u00e1trico la Misericordia Bogota Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Fundaci\u00f3n Hospital Infantil Universitario de San Jos\u00e9  Bogota Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3870-4102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia M.","family":"Restrepo\u2010Gualteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine Universidad El Bosque Bogota Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, HOMI Fundaci\u00f3n Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico la Misericordia Bogota Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica P.","family":"Sossa\u2010Brice\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2560-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine Universidad El Bosque Bogota Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01207-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200422050-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09796-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0542(09)70004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880600776X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816000273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814003793"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07041-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8121144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.47.2001847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Sistema de Vigilancia de la Gripe en Espa\u00f1a.Vigilancia centinela de infecci\u00f3n respiratoria aguda en atenci\u00f3n primaria (IRAs) y en hospitales (IRAG) Gripe COVID\u201019 y otros virus respiratorios. 2021. Accessed February 27 2022.https:\/\/vgripe.isciii.es\/documentos\/20202021\/boletines\/Informe%20semanal%20SVGE%20y%20otros%20virus%20respiratorios"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30307-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.29.2100706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200901-0117OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71338-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-021-01088-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac155"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"Instituto distrital de gesti\u00f3n de riesgos y cambio clim\u00e1tico. Lluvias y temperatura en Bogot\u00e1 desde 1979 a 2018.https:\/\/www.idiger.gov.co\/precipitacion-y-temperatura#:~:text=De%20acuerdo%20con%20el%20Instituto promedio%20anual%20de%20840%20mm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"Climate of Colombia. Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. Accessed May 28 2023.https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Colombia."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"Inventario de emisiones de Bogot\u00e1. Contaminantes atmosf\u00e9ricos. Secretar\u00eda de Ambiente de Bogot\u00e1. Alcald\u00eda mayor de Bogot\u00e1. Accessed March 7 2022.https:\/\/www.ambientebogota.gov.co\/documents\/10184\/397082\/Inventario+de+Emisiones+de+Bogota+portal+nuevo.pdf\/972994eb-7f58-42c2-a801-0f8579937919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Knowledge management and information resources for health in Colombia","volume":"4","author":"Monta\u00f1o JI","year":"2013","journal-title":"Strateg Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"article 8992","article-title":"Information release: the key in knowledge management for health in Colombia","volume":"5","author":"Galindo ACE","year":"2014","journal-title":"Strateg Monitor"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/946419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","unstructured":"Secretar\u00eda de Salud. Alcald\u00eda mayor de Bogot\u00e1. Accessed February 27 2022.http:\/\/www.saludcapital.gov.co\/Paginas2\/Inicio.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","unstructured":"Red de monitoreo de calidad de aire de Bogot\u00e1 (RMCAB). Alcald\u00eda mayor de Bogot\u00e1. Secretar\u00eda de ambient. Accessed February 27 2022.http:\/\/rmcab.ambientebogota.gov.co\/home\/map"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","unstructured":"ArandaJ RodriguezC CorredorJ Garc\u00edaADesign of an air quality monitoring system and early alerts based on IoT and AI for Bogot\u00e1 city.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","unstructured":"Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Accessed January 8 2023.https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/ttnamti1\/files\/ambient\/pm25\/qa\/Final%20Handbook%20Document%201_17.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","unstructured":"Stata multilevel mixed\u2010effects. Reference manual \u2010 release 15. Accessed April 12th 2023.https:\/\/www.stata-press.com\/data\/r15\/me.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-021-00575-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1969.10666849"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Trends and non\u2010clinical predictors of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza diagnosis in an urban pediatric population","volume":"9","author":"Feiler MO","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2022.11.002"},{"issue":"169","key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Effects of short\u2010term exposure to air pollution on hospital admissions of young children for acute lower respiratory infections in ho chi minh city, Vietnam","author":"HEI Collaborative Working Group on Air Pollution, Poverty, and Health in Ho Chi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Rep Health Eff Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26184-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201304-0676OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2009.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00802-07"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.26590","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T14:43:57Z","timestamp":1703774637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.26590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.26590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.26590","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}