{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:22:42Z","timestamp":1785453762991,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dynamic computed tomography (dCT) gives real\u2010time physiological information and objective descriptions of airway narrowing in tracheobronchomalacia (TBM). There is a paucity of literature in the evaluation of TBM by dCT in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this study is to describe the findings of dCT and resultant changes in management in premature infants with TBM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study of 70 infants was performed. Infants included were &lt;32 weeks gestation without major anomalies. TBM was defined as \u226550% expiratory reduction in cross\u2010sectional area with severity defined as mild (50%\u201375%), moderate (\u226575%\u201390%), or severe (\u226590%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dynamic CT diagnosed malacia in 53% of infants. Tracheomalacia was identified in 49% of infants with severity as 76% mild, 18% moderate, and 6% severe. Bronchomalacia was identified in 43% of infants with varying severity (53% mild, 40% moderate, 7% severe). Resultant management changes included PEEP titration (44%), initiation of bethanechol (23%), planned tracheostomy (20%), extubation trial (13%), and inhaled ipratropium bromide (7%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dynamic CT is a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool for airway evaluation of premature infants. Presence and severity of TBM can provide actionable information to guide more precise clinical decision making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T08:27:24Z","timestamp":1693384044000},"page":"3255-3263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dynamic computed tomography for evaluation of tracheobronchomalacia in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4364-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles Preston","family":"Pugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumera","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Atlanta Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9979-8483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David N.","family":"Matlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9807-1856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.00862.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.3.984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.5.3391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0280-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2521081958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202009-1142RL"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201509-576OC"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of flexible endoscopy in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"142","author":"Cohn RC","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00382-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202002-162OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2283"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-013-2637-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.8014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e31817fbdf7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2513081280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-013-0344-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000481356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23921"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802010000600004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201702-178OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00020408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2348OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2015.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jmc3259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.824"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.1.9711034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-019-04465-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-021-00497-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950090309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198606000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","volume-title":"The Effect of Bethanechol on Work of Breathing and Expiratory Tracheal Collapse in Infants With Tracheobronchomalacia Measured by Electrical Activity of the Diaphragm and Bronchoscopy","author":"Pugh CP","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2009.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.062604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HysingerE\u00a0St. OngeI HiganoN FleckR KingmaPS WoodsJC. Neonatal pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging predicts respiratory outcomes through two years of life in bronchopulmonary dysplasia American Thoracic Society B19 advances and future directions in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.2020. A2774\u2010A2774. Accessed 2022 October 22 2022.https:\/\/www.atsjournals.org\/doi\/10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2774","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2774"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-00929-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202202-0362IM"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HiganoN BatesA HysingerE et al.\u00a0Virtual bronchoscopy of neonatal tracheomalacia via high\u2010resolution respiratory\u2010gated MRI American Thoracic Society c27 bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital lung lesions I.\u00a02020. A4649\u2010A4649. Accessed October 22 2022.https:\/\/www.atsjournals.org\/doi\/10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_MeetingAbstracts.A4649","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_MeetingAbstracts.A4649"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-009-1436-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-04338-5"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.26652","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:48:56Z","timestamp":1740617336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.26652"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.26652"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.26652","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}