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The aim of this study was to evaluate exercise capacity and its association with lung function, ventilatory limitation, and ventilatory efficiency in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma when compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study including patients with mild\u2010to\u2010moderate asthma, CF and healthy children and adolescents. Anthropometric data, lung function (spirometry) and exercise capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise testing) were evaluated. Primary outcomes were peak oxygen consumption (VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak), forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009s (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), breathing reserve (BR), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen consumption (V<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\/VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and for carbon dioxide production (V<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\/VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), both at the ventilatory threshold (VT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and peak exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean age of 147 patients included was 11.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0 years. There were differences between asthmatics and CF children when compared to their healthy peers for anthropometric and lung function measurements. Asthmatics showed lower VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak when compared to both healthy and CF subjects, although no differences were found between healthy and CF patients. A lower BR was found when CF patients were compared to both healthy and asthmatic. Both CF and asthmatic patients presented higher values for V<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\/VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\/VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at VT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> when compared to healthy individuals. For both V<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\/VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>\/VCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at peak exercise CF patients presented higher values when compared to their healthy peers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with CF achieved good exercise capacity despite low ventilatory efficiency, low BR, and reduced lung function. However, asthmatics reported reduced cardiorespiratory capacity and normal ventilatory efficiency at peak exercise. These results demonstrate differences in the mechanisms of ventilatory limitation to maximum exercise testing in children and adolescents with CAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T12:16:50Z","timestamp":1694002610000},"page":"3293-3302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mechanisms of ventilatory limitation to maximum exercise in children and adolescents with chronic airway diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8836-9109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio Vin\u00edcius Fagundes","family":"Donadio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0589-8617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Amor\u2010Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8208-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Maria","family":"Vendrusculo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1073-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara Iturriaga","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2377-8064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Santana\u2010Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3368-8393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Sanz\u2010Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Hospital Universitario Infantil Ni\u00f1o Jes\u00fas de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7240-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Perez\u2010Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences\u2010INEF, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM) Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.Chronic respiratory diseases. 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