{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:25:02Z","timestamp":1788456302632,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) affecting infants and young children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has historically been the primary causative agent, but other viruses also contribute to the LRTI epidemiology. Recent changes in epidemiology and clinical patterns due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic have raised concerns. This study aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on bronchiolitis epidemiology and severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two consecutive bronchiolitis seasons (October 2021 to March 2022 and October 2022 to March 2023) were compared. Data on viral agents, hospitalization duration, clinical severity, and respiratory support requirements were collected from pediatric patients at San Marco Hospital, University of Catania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the 2021\u20132022 season, RSV was the predominant virus (40%), followed by other viruses, with mild clinical outcomes. In the 2022\u20132023 season, RSV remained prevalent (58.7%), but other viruses, including rhinovirus (RV) and influenza, showed a significant increase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) in bronchiolitis cases and severity. Notably, RSV\u2010related bronchiolitis did not exhibit greater severity compared to non\u2010RSV cases in the 2022\u20132023 season, contrary to the previous year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic appears to have shifted the epidemiological landscape of bronchiolitis, with a peak incidence in November instead of January\/February. Non\u2010RSV viruses (RV, influenza A and B, as well as metapneumovirus) have gained prominence, possibly due to viral competition and reduced pandemic\u2010related restrictions. Traditionally, RSV has been the primary pathogen responsible for most bronchiolitis cases. Nonetheless, the findings of this study indicate a shifting landscape in bronchiolitis etiology, with RSV gradually diminishing in its role. Contrary to the previous year, RSV\u2010related bronchiolitis did not exhibit greater severity compared to non\u2010RSV cases in the 2022\u20132023 season.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1707908702000},"page":"1298-1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Epidemiological shifts in bronchiolitis patterns and impact of the COVID\u201019: A two\u2010season comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"Presti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Respiratory Unit, AOUP \u201cG. Rodolico\u2010San Marco\u201d University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Manti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Respiratory Unit, AOUP \u201cG. Rodolico\u2010San Marco\u201d University of Catania Catania Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, University of Messina Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Gammeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Respiratory Unit, AOUP \u201cG. Rodolico\u2010San Marco\u201d University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4291-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe F.","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Respiratory Unit, AOUP \u201cG. 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