{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T08:50:48Z","timestamp":1788598248399,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) has been proposed as an effective treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and maxillary restriction in children. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of RME appliances on the nasomaxillary complex dimensions in children with OSA and maxillary constriction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective longitudinal study included 34 children aged 8\u201312 years with maxillary restriction and OSA confirmed by polysomnography who had completed RME therapy. The nasomaxillary complex is segmented into the nasal cavity, maxillary sinuses, and nasopharynx. The effect of RME on nasomaxillary complex dimensions was assessed pre and posttreatment using cone\u2010beam computed tomography, analysis, while a second standard overnight polysomnography (PSG) was performed to assess changes in respiratory parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant improvements were observed, including inferior maxillary dislocation (S\u2010S1 distance and N\u2010ANS), increased anterior and posterior facial height, and a 5.43 events\/h reduction in Apnea\u2010Hypopnea Index (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The nasal cavity volume increased by 2439 (\u00b1584) mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), nasopharynx size increased by 883 (\u00b1479) mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.008), mid cross\u2010sectional area increased by 31.74 (\u00b114.50) mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and the distance between the right and left maxillary sinuses increased by 8.37 (\u00b13.67) mm (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) all exhibited positive changes, with some insignificant variations in volume change (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.254).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>RME treatment was found to be effective in improving nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal dimensions, leading to improved respiratory parameters in children with OSA and maxillary constriction. While these results are promising, considerations about the potential long\u2010term benefits of RME on future growth are important. The study provides valuable insights into the efficacy of RME as a treatment option for this pediatric population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T13:54:55Z","timestamp":1716299695000},"page":"2490-2498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on upper airway parameters in OSA children with maxillary restriction: A CBCT study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4518-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maen","family":"Zreaqat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic, School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kota Bharu Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rozita","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic, School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kota Bharu Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahal","family":"Alforaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry Taiba University Medina Kelantan Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Karyatee","family":"Kassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic, School of Dental Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kota Bharu Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.8.775"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2005.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101733"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20130059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MamedovAA TimoschenkoTV SlynkoAYTsefalometricheskii analiz prosveta verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei s pomoshch'yu konusno\u2010luchevoi komp'yuternoi tomografii [Cephalometric CBCT analysis of the upper airways].Stomatologiia (Mosk).2022;101(5):31\u201036.doi:10.17116\/stomat202210105131","DOI":"10.17116\/stomat202210105131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/41049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2321-1407.183148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-022-02724-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01482.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04135-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/22.5.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/112315-799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Working group of Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood OSA; Subspecialty Group of Pediatrics Society of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Chinese Medical Association; Subspecialty Group of Respiratory Diseases Society of Pediatrics Chinese Medical Association; Society of Pediatric Surgery Chinese Medical Association.Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. 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