{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T21:58:51Z","timestamp":1778277531939,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric lung transplantation (LTx) related to the shifting cystic fibrosis (CF) population receiving highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) has not been well investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The UNOS Registry was queried for patients age 1\u201325 years undergoing bilateral LTx between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2021. Race and ethnicity were classified as non\u2010Hispanic White, non\u2010Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or none of the above. The primary outcome was posttransplant mortality. Trends in the association between race\/ethnicity and mortality were examined using transplant year as a continuous variable and stratifying year based on introduction of HEMT (triple combination therapy) in November 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the study sample (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009941), 7% of patients were non\u2010Hispanic Black, 15% were Hispanic, and 2% were some other racial or ethnic group. One hundred (11%) received LTx after approval of triple combination therapy, and 407 (43%) died during follow\u2010up. We identified a statistically significant disparity in mortality hazard (hazard ratio: 1.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 2.80) in non\u2010Hispanic Black compared to non\u2010Hispanic White patients in the pre\u2010triple combination therapy era.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found higher mortality hazard among non\u2010Hispanic Black compared to non\u2010Hispanic White children undergoing LTx in the United States. Further monitoring of LTx outcomes to identify and address disparities is needed in the current era of triple combination therapy for CF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T09:45:46Z","timestamp":1720691146000},"page":"3204-3211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric lung transplantation in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5761-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamel","family":"Alachraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9180-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Tumin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Academic Affairs Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Don","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8409-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Benden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14634"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14404"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2023.02.1496"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21106\/ijtmrph.335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000916"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000001069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"UNOS UNOS data and transplant statistics: Organ Donation Data. 2023. Accessed June 10 2023.https:\/\/unos.org\/data\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000627"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14418"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06740521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2019.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2023.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202103-250OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.14410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25964"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01616-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005890"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-3928-0"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.27175","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ppul.27175","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.27175","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T11:22:39Z","timestamp":1771240959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.27175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.27175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.27175","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}