{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:46:07Z","timestamp":1791632767472,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HD068223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HD068223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009543","name":"Society of Pediatric Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disparities in asthma persist despite advances in interventions. Adherence and self\u2010management behaviors are critical yet challenging during adolescence. Treatment barriers include individual factors as well as structural and social determinants of health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine differences in controller medication adherence, asthma control, and treatment barriers by race, income, and insurance and whether racial disparities persist when controlling for income and insurance. Associations between adherence, barriers, and control were also examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescents completed measures of treatment barriers and asthma control. Controller medication adherence was measured electronically. Descriptive statistics, means comparisons, and analyses of covariance were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred twenty\u2010five adolescents participated (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200914.55, SD\u2009=\u20092.01, 37.6% Black or African American, 55.2% White). Black or African American adolescents had significantly lower adherence than White adolescents,\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      (105)\u2009=\u20092.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.006, Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.55. This difference was not significant when controlling for income and insurance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u2009.05). There was a significant difference in asthma control,\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      (1,86)\u2009=\u20094.07,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.047,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.045, where Black or African American adolescents had better asthma control scores than White adolescents. Feeling tired of living with asthma was the most common barrier among all adolescents (62.4%). More Black or African American adolescents endorsed difficulty getting to the pharmacy than White adolescents,\n                      <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (1,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009116)\u2009=\u20094.86,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.027.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Racial disparities in asthma may be partially driven by income, insurance, and pharmacy access. Asthma burnout may be important to address for all adolescents with asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T11:04:27Z","timestamp":1722251067000},"page":"3288-3297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Disparities in adolescent controller medication adherence, treatment barriers, and asthma control"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7558-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Sweenie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori E.","family":"Crosby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Training, Community Engagement Core Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"INNOVATIONS in Community Research and Program Evaluation Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa W.","family":"Guilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill M.","family":"Plevinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7773-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy E.","family":"Noser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5771-5491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachelle R.","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Asthma Disparities in America: A Roadmap to Reducing Burden on Racial and Ethnic Minorities","author":"Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Most Recent National Asthma Data","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"SangM. 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