{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T12:10:20Z","timestamp":1771243820594,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The estimated prevalence of tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) in children is about 1:2100. Prevalence of intrathoracic malacia is higher in children with chronic lung disease such as bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis (CF) and may contribute to increased morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence and assess clinical features of tracheomalacia (TM), TBM and bronchomalacia (BM) in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective case\u2010note review of all children with a confirmed or highly likely diagnosis of PCD attending Oslo University Hospital between 2000 and 2021. We selected those who had undergone flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) and in whom the presence of TBM was assessed. We retrieved demographic and clinical data, including airway symptoms, PCD\u2010diagnostic criteria, indication for bronchoscopy, the presence of lobar atelectasis, microbiology and the descriptive and unblinded video\u2010recorded results of FB. Complications occurring during and after bronchoscopy were noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 71 children with PCD, 32 underwent FB and were included in the review. The remaining 39 were included for TBM prevalence calculation only. Median age at FB was 6.0 years (3.1\u201311.9). Twenty\u2010two children (69%) had intrathoracic airway malacia. Four (13%) had isolated TM, seven (22%) had TBM, and 11 (34%) had isolated BM affecting either main (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094) or lobar bronchi (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097) (LBM), including four with associated lobar atelectasis. FB related complications, one major, 12 minor, were documented in 13 children (41%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found a high prevalence of TBM among children with PCD undergoing FB. This may represent a significant comorbidity and have implications for patient management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T07:29:13Z","timestamp":1726644553000},"page":"3560-3568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tracheobronchomalacia is common in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia\u2014A case note review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4687-7310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Synne S.","family":"Kennelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department of Allergy and Lung Diseases Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Paediatric Training and Education Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical 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