{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T10:51:28Z","timestamp":1794307888170,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), hospitalization, and mortality in infants and young children globally. The greatest burden of severe disease and mortality occurs in low\u2010middle income countries (LMICs), with large and vulnerable childhood populations. The highest rates of RSV\u2010hospitalization occur in healthy\u2010term infants under 3 months of age. Preterm infants, children with chronic lung disease of prematurity, Down's syndrome, congenital heart disease, or immunodeficiency also have a higher risk of severe RSV\u2010LRTI. Early\u2010life RSV\u2010LRTI has also been associated with chronic sequelae, including recurrent LRTI, recurrent wheezing, asthma, and lung function impairment. A RSV pre\u2010fusion (F) maternal vaccine and long\u2010acting monoclonal antibody (nirsevimab) have been licensed for the prevention of RSV\u2010LRTI in infants and young children. Studies show high efficacy and effectiveness particularly for preventing severe RSV\u2010LRTI. Maternal RSV vaccine given at 24\u201336 weeks of pregnancy was effective in preventing RSV medically attended LRTI and severe RSV\u2010LRTI through 6 months after birth in a phase 3 study conducted in 18 countries over two RSV seasons. Vaccination was safe with no significant difference in adverse events between infants born to mothers who received RSV preF vaccine compared to placebo. A numerical imbalance in preterm births that occurred predominantly in South Africa, unrelated to vaccine timing or gestational age at vaccination and unassociated with mortality, coincided with COVID\u201019 delta and omicron waves. Nirsevimab, given as a single dose prior or during the RSV season, had high efficacy in preventing RSV\u2010LRTI hospitalization in infants in preterm and in full\u2010term infants, as well as in young children with underlying conditions through 150 days post administration in phase 2 and 3 trials. High effectiveness against hospitalization or severe disease in infants and in at\u2010risk children up to 2 years of age has also been reported in several countries where implementation has occurred. RSV\u2010LRTI is now a preventable disease in infants and young children. Rapid implementation of these highly effective interventions has occurred in many high\u2010income countries, but access remains very limited in LMICs. Access to such RSV preventive interventions is urgently needed for all children to strengthen child health and promote global equity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T13:50:31Z","timestamp":1730123431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["New advances in RSV: Is prevention attainable?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Zar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and SA\u2010MRC unit on Child &amp; Adolescent Health University of Cape Town  South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00478-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00138-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002754"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00246-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01699-4"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.27310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T21:00:55Z","timestamp":1743282055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.27310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.27310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.27310","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}