{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:42:25Z","timestamp":1789069345508,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and viral respiratory infections are highly prevalent conditions in children and a major cause of respiratory morbidity in this age group. Severe viral respiratory infections are a known risk factor for pediatric OSA, which is primarily caused by hypertrophy of upper airway lymphoid tissues (adenoids and tonsils). This review examines recent progress in understanding early\u2010life development of lymphoid tissues in the human upper airway, with a particular focus on how respiratory viruses may influence this process and contribute to OSA pathogenesis. It also explores the bidirectional relationship between OSA and severe viral infections, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and novel primary prevention strategies to address these interconnected conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T10:26:09Z","timestamp":1728037569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The bidirectional interplay of obstructive sleep apnea and viral respiratory infections in children: A novel opportunity for primary prevention"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8621-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Nino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Children's National Hospital Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Medicine Research Children's National Research Institute Washington DC USA"},{"name":"George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Chorvinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Children's National Hospital Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Medicine Research Children's National Research Institute Washington DC USA"},{"name":"George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surajit","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Children's National Hospital Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Center for Genetic Medicine Research Children's National Research Institute Washington DC USA"},{"name":"George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5494-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01557-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07748-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26252"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.27314","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T21:00:57Z","timestamp":1743282057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.27314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.27314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.27314","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}