{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:45:45Z","timestamp":1785797145536,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study investigates the impact of local anesthesia on ciliary function in nasal epithelium. The primary objective was to assess whether lidocaine 2% and naphazoline 0.5% nasal spray alter ciliary beat frequency and pattern in subjects undergoing nasal brushing, aiming to enhance primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was hypothesized that local anesthesia administration would not significantly affect ciliary function in nasal epithelium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, simple\u2010blind randomized study was conducted between 2020 and 2023. The study employed digital high\u2010speed videomicroscopy to analyze ciliary beat frequency and pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient\/Subject Selection<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort of 38 participants was recruited, consisting of 25 healthy volunteers and 13 referred individuals (including seven diagnosed with PCD). Selection criteria ensured the absence of chronic respiratory diseases, recent respiratory tract infections, or regular use of nasal medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants underwent nasal brushing with administration of lidocaine and naphazoline nasal spray in one nostril and saline in the contralateral nostril. Ciliary beat frequency and pattern were measured using digital high\u2010speed video microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nasal spray administration did not significantly alter ciliary beat frequency or pattern compared to saline (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.841 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.125, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed consistent results across healthy volunteers, referred patients, and PCD patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Local anesthesia with lidocaine and naphazoline spray did not affect ciliary function outcomes. These findings support the safe use of these agents in clinical practice for PCD diagnostic procedures. Further research with larger cohorts is warranted for validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T08:59:46Z","timestamp":1729155586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of local anesthesia on ciliary dyskinesia diagnosis by digital high\u2010speed videomicroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8959-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel","family":"Benchimol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT University Hospital Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"Pneumology Laboratory, I3 Group, GIGA Research Center University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemie","family":"Bricmont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Laboratory, I3 Group, GIGA Research Center University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics University Hospital Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romane","family":"Bonhiver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Laboratory, I3 Group, GIGA Research Center University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics University Hospital Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9gory A.","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine CHU of Liege  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