{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:58:48Z","timestamp":1784649528729,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009104","name":"Department of Health Research, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R\u201011012\/03\/2019\u2010HR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\u201011012\/03\/2019\u2010HR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) management is crucial to WHO's End TB Strategy. Indian guidelines recommend treating under\u2010five children with household TB contacts after ruling out active TB, regardless of TBI testing. However, the precise LTBI burden among children in high TB burden settings like India is unknown. A community\u2010based study in Mumbai's urban slums screened and managed under\u2010five children at LTBI risk to understand its epidemiology and inform TB control interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total 369 eligible under\u2010five children were enrolled for the study. LTBI screening was done using Tuberculin skin test and Interferon gamma release assay. Active TB was ruled out before initiation of TB preventive therapy among LTBI positives. Statistical tests like chi\u2010square, logistic regression analysis and Hosmer\u2010Lemeshow test were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, LTBI prevalence among under\u2010five children was 12.4% by IGRA and 21.4% by TST. Undernourished children had significantly lower LTBI positivity by IGRA (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027), while those with household contacts, longer contact duration and drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis (DR\u2010TB) exhibited proportionally greater IGRA positivity (p\u2009=\u2009&lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found a lower LTBI prevalence among under\u2010five children compared to adults, with key risk factors being HHC, DR\u2010TB contact, and prolonged exposure. These findings suggest the need to revise or revisit the TPT framework for this age group in India, particularly by implementing a test\u2010and\u2010treat approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T06:35:12Z","timestamp":1729233312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Management implications of latent TB among under\u2010five children at risk: Insights from a community study in Mumbai, India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8326-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suchitra","family":"Surve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Research Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikrant","family":"Bhor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6430-8085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkateshwaran","family":"Gounder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Research Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Munne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Research Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahina","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajal","family":"Naukariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Research Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mangala","family":"Gomare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Parel Mumbai 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India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Kamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Research Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachna","family":"Dalvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Research Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmila","family":"Kamat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Research Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Tryambake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Research Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Operational Research Indian Council of Medical Research \u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH) Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric TB Clinic, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"WHO Latent tuberculosis infection: updated and consolidated guidelines for programmatic management.2018: Available fromhttps:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/260233\/9789241550239-eng.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/IJMS_18_2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmab103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02524-3"}],"container-title":["Pediatric 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