{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T01:28:14Z","timestamp":1778203694531,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An inspiration\u2010synchronized vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) has been reported to improve aerosol delivery during adult mechanical ventilation. A prototype VMN generating smaller particles was developed. We aimed to compare the aerosol delivery efficiency of small\u2010particle and conventional VMNs in inspiration\u2010synchronized and continuous modes during neonatal and pediatric mechanical ventilation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A critical care ventilator with heated humidified circuits connected to an endotracheal tube (ETT) and passive test lung was set to pediatric and neonate parameters. Albuterol (2.5\u2009mg\/ml, 1\u2009ml) was administered using both small\u2010particle and conventional VMNs in inspiration\u2010synchronization and continuous modes. For the pediatric model, VMN was placed at the humidifier inlet, inspiratory limb at Y\u2010piece, and between Y\u2010piece and ETT (Y\u2010ETT). For the neonatal model, VMN was placed at the humidifier inlet and between Y\u2010ETT. Each setup was repeated five times. Albuterol collected on the filter distal to the ETT was eluted and assayed with UV spectrophotometry (276\u2009nm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The inspiration\u2010synchronized VMN generated higher inhaled doses compared to continuous VMN across all nebulizer placements, particle sizes, and aerosol generation models (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). The highest inhaled doses (42.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0% and 40.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0% for pediatric and neonate, respectively) were observed with the small\u2010particle inspiration\u2010synchronized VMN placed at Y\u2010ETT. In the pediatric model, the inhaled dose with inspiration\u2010synchronized conventional VMN was similar, independent of nebulizer placements (24.4\u2009~\u200927.0%). In contrast, the inhaled dose was greatest with continuous VMN placed at the humidifier inlet. With the neonatal model, VMN placed at Y\u2010ETT\u00a0yielded higher doses than the humidifier inlet, and small\u2010particle VMNs outperformed conventional VMNs across all settings (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prototype small\u2010particle VMN positioned between Y\u2010piece and ETT in an inspiration\u2010synchronized mode optimized aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation in both pediatric and neonatal models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T05:44:32Z","timestamp":1730871872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of a prototype inspiratory\u2010synchronized small particle versus conventional vibrating mesh nebulizer during pediatric and neonatal mechanical ventilation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care Rush University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Karabelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care Rush University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Care Advocate Children's Hospital in Park Ridge Park Ridge Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingyue","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care Rush University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caylie A.","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care Rush University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Division of Respiratory Care Rush University Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Aerogen Pharma Corp. San Mateo California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01147-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3182712783"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"845","article-title":"Influence of nebulizer type, position, and bias flow on aerosol drug delivery in simulated pediatric and adult lung models during mechanical ventilation","volume":"55","author":"Ari A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000156244.84422.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05728"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101574"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","article-title":"In vitro comparison of inspiration synchronized and continuous vibrating mesh nebulizer during invasive mechanical ventilation","volume":"67","author":"Sheridan CA","year":"2022","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24274"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.27356","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ppul.27356","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.27356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T15:30:00Z","timestamp":1771428600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.27356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.27356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.27356","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e27356"}}