{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T18:26:51Z","timestamp":1783276011368,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Asthma represents a significant global health burden, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs), where its impact is disproportionately severe. In these regions, asthma management is characterized by poorer control and greater mortality rates compared to wealthier nations. The prevalence of asthma is on the rise and demographic trends indicate that there would be a greater burden on children given that they represent a larger proportion of the population pyramid in LMICs. Challenges in addressing asthma in LMICs are various, amongst them: health care systems in these countries predominantly focus on acute and infectious diseases, leading to inadequate attention to chronic illnesses. Access to essential controller medications (inhaled corticosteroids) is often limited and availability tends to fluctuate. Infraestructural deficiencies and difficult health care access are also identified barriers. Furthermore, many LMICs struggle to meet the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidelines that are set for a minimum standard of care for asthma treatment. Suggested approaches should be aimed at: foment commitment from local health care providers and governmental involvement on policies to meet minimum standards of care (emphasis on continuous access to controller medications) Equally significant is the implementation of policies designed to augment educational strategies (health care professionals and general population), reduce smoking rates and air pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T13:39:41Z","timestamp":1732714781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Update in Asthma Management in Low\u2010Middle Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ian","family":"Lachner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Department Hospital Nacional de Ni\u00f1os \u201cDr. Carlos S\u00e1enz Herrera\u201d, Caja Costarricense Seguro Social San Jos\u00e9 Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5509-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel E.","family":"Soto\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Department Hospital Nacional de Ni\u00f1os \u201cDr. Carlos S\u00e1enz Herrera\u201d, Caja Costarricense Seguro Social San Jos\u00e9 Costa Rica"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Universidad de Costa Rica San Jos\u00e9 Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00506-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00458-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5644\/ama2006-124.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03179-2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Affordability of Inhaled Corticosteroids As a Potential Barrier to Treatment of Asthma in Some Developing Countries","volume":"4","author":"A\u00eft\u2010Khaled N.","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: The Official Journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-013-0095-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.23.0203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDpp2300292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2013.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3181dc3383"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.27373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T20:59:35Z","timestamp":1743281975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.27373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.27373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.27373","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}