{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T01:31:57Z","timestamp":1783474317138,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, ventilatory strategies, and effectiveness of ventilation in pediatric patients with central apneas treated at the Sleep Medicine and Long\u2010Term Ventilation Unit of the Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital in Rome from 2012 to 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among all ventilated patients at our Center from January 2012 to December 2022, we retrospectively included children with a cAHI\u2009\u2265\u20091 events\/h on baseline poly(somno)graphic study. Additional parameters assessed included the underlying disease, type of ventilation (non\u2010invasive vs. invasive), age at ventilation onset, ventilation mode, and transcutaneous capnometry parameters. To assess the effectiveness of ventilation on central apneas, we compared the cAHI at baseline and on ventilation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty\u2010seven patients met the inclusion criteria for central apnea (cAHI\u2009&gt;\u20091 events\/h). Diagnoses included hypoxic\u2010ischemic encephalopathy, 15 (22.4%); Ondine syndrome, 14 (20.9%); polymalformative syndrome, 10 (14.9%); Prader\u2010Willi syndrome, 8 (11.9%); brain tumor, 6 (9.0%); Down syndrome, 4 (6.0%); ROHHAD syndrome, 2 (3.0%); other infrequent pathologies were, Arnold\u2010Chiari II, primary central apnea, epilepsy, lisosomal diseases, hydrocephalus, myopathy, obesity, Rett Syndrome. Pressure\u2010supported ventilation (PSV) was the most common mode used (45 out 67 patients, 67.2%), followed by pressure\u2010controlled ventilation (PCV) (15 out 67 patients, 22.4%) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (7 out 67 patients, 10.4%). Statistically significant improvement (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in cAHI was observed in patients with polymalformative syndrome (3.5 vs. 0.3,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), hypoxic\u2010ischemic encephalopathy (3.1 vs. 0.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and Prader\u2010Willi syndrome (3.5 vs. 0.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03), while there was no significant improvementn in children with brain tumor (6.2 vs. 1.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.21).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Central apneas are present in children with various underlying pathologies. Ventilatory strategies tailored to the specific diagnosis and severity of central apneas yield significant improvements in cAHI. PSV was the preferred ventilation mode in this study and there was notable effectiveness across different diagnostic categories. PCV was employed in most severe cases. CPAP was exclusively used in patients with predominantly obstructive sleep apneas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.27400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T07:20:41Z","timestamp":1731914441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long Term Ventilation in Pediatric Central Apnea: Etiologies and Therapeutic Approach over a Decade"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4879-5418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Presti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology and Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long\u2010Term Ventilation Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Hospital \"Bambino Ges\u00f9\" Research Institute Rome Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Respiratory and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, \u201cSan Marco\u201d Hospital University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4402-0700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martino","family":"Pavone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology and Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long\u2010Term Ventilation Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Hospital \"Bambino Ges\u00f9\" Research Institute Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6469-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Verrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology and Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long\u2010Term Ventilation Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Hospital \"Bambino Ges\u00f9\" Research Institute Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-2375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Paglietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology and Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long\u2010Term Ventilation Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Hospital \"Bambino Ges\u00f9\" Research Institute Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1237-3141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Del Colle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology and Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long\u2010Term Ventilation Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Hospital \"Bambino Ges\u00f9\" Research Institute Rome 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