{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T18:26:29Z","timestamp":1784744789309,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood risk factors, such as bronchiolitis, have been associated with airway obstruction later in life. However, assessing childhood risk factors for airway obstruction in adulthood requires long follow\u2010ups with carefully gathered data. Our long\u2010term follow\u2010up represents lung function in early adulthood after infant bronchiolitis with evaluation of asthma and tobacco smoke exposure as childhood risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively followed 166 term children hospitalized for bronchiolitis under 6 months of age. Lung function was measured at the mean age of 18.3 years by spirometry on 72 former bronchiolitis patients and 28 controls. We compared z\u2010scores of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in first second), FVC (forced vital capacity), and FEV1\/FVC before and after bronchodilation. Reversibility was tested as FEV1 change in the bronchodilation test. The roles of asthma and smoke exposure were controlled in the analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FEV1\/FVC was lower in cases versus controls at baseline (mean\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score \u22120.90, SD 1.40 vs 0.10\u2009SD 1.17;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and after bronchodilatation (0.54, SD 1.06 vs. \u22120.05, SD 1.22;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028). FEV1 increase in the bronchodilation test was greater in cases versus controls (6.3%, SD 5.3 vs. 2.3%, SD 3.7;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). After excluding subjects with current asthma, the differences remained significant in baseline and post\u2010bronchodilator FEV1\/FVC and in FEV1 change in bronchodilation test, and after adjusting for previous asthma and household smoking, the differences remained significant in baseline and post\u2010bronchodilator FEV1\/FVC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower FEV1\/FVC after bronchodilation in cases suggests a risk of irreversible obstructive lung function in young adults after infant bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T02:21:29Z","timestamp":1748398889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bronchiolitis in Early Infancy Is Associated With Irreversible Airway Obstruction in Young Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1086-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanna","family":"Saarikallio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Lahti Central Hospital Wellbeing Services County of P\u00e4ij\u00e4t\u2010H\u00e4me Lahti Finland"},{"name":"Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9249-1342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riikka","family":"Riikonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa Tampere University Hospita Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics H\u00e4meenlinna Central Hospital H\u00e4meenlinna Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4706-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Tikkakoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Laitinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1666-8796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annukka","family":"Holster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa Tampere University Hospita Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8858-1134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matti","family":"Korppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere 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