{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:38:43Z","timestamp":1791283123003,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting premature infants. This study aimed to (1) examine associations between BPD severity and respiratory outcomes and healthcare utilization; (2) evaluate the impact of outpatient pediatric pulmonology follow\u2010up; and (3) assess whether dexamethasone administration during NICU stay influences postdischarge respiratory morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 161 infants diagnosed with BPD (2021\u20132023) using the 2019 BPD severity classification. Key outcomes included the prevalence of prescriptions for albuterol, inhaled corticosteroid, and systemic steroids, as well as ED visits and admission within the first\u2010year postdischarge. The study analyzed associations between dexamethasone use during NICU admission, outpatient pulmonology follow\u2010ups, and respiratory morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 161 infants, 32.9% had grade\u20101, 59.0% grade\u20102, and 8.1% grade\u20103 BPD. Dexamethasone administration during NICU admission increased with BPD severity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Pediatric pulmonology follow\u2010up was common in grade\u20102 (77.9%) and grade\u20103 (84.6%) but lower in grade\u20101 (47.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Use of inhaled medications and systemic steroids varied significantly by severity. Nearly half of the cohort (47.2%) had a hospital visit for respiratory issues postdischarge, and 22.3% required hospitalization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study characterizes respiratory outcomes and healthcare utilization in infants with BPD during the first\u2010year post\u2010NICU discharge. While morbidity and healthcare utilization increased with BPD severity, nearly half of the entire cohort required hospital visits, underscoring a significant disease burden even among infants with milder disease. These findings highlight the importance of structured longitudinal follow\u2010up across all BPD severity levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T08:12:38Z","timestamp":1756195958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in the First Year: Insights Into Severity, Medication Use, and Healthcare Utilization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0604-8668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliaz","family":"Brumer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy\u2010Immunology, and Sleep Medicine Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of General Pediatrics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2618-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Kandil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children10030535"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2843"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","article-title":"Corticosteroids for the Prevention and Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: An Overview of Systematic Reviews","volume":"4","author":"Loo M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic 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