{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T16:01:06Z","timestamp":1771430466250,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) exhibit respiratory muscle changes leading to fatigue and weakness, and assessing relaxation rates and contractile properties may help detect early fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To non\u2010invasively assess inspiratory muscle relaxation and contractile rates using sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) parameters in DMD subjects and compare them with matched healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case\u2010control study of 32 DMD male subjects and 32 age\u2010matched healthy controls (12.7\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1 years). All subjects underwent spirometry, maximal respiratory pressures, and SNIP test. We calculated the maximum relaxation rate (MRR), decay constant (\u03c4), and maximum rate of pressure development (MRPD) from the SNIP curve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The DMD group had significantly lower MRR (5.9 [5.1\u20136.9] vs. 8 [6.9\u201310.3] %\/ms,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), lower MRPD (\u22120.38 [\u22120.47 to \u22120.26] vs. \u22120.62 [\u22120.52 to \u22120.80] cmH\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\/ms\u22121,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and higher \u03c4 (65.7 [50.7\u201378.1] vs. 40.5 [30.2\u201348.7] ms,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). ROC curves showed that SNIP parameters effectively distinguish DMD from healthy subjects (SNIP [AUC 0.94,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001], MRR [AUC 0.86,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001], \u03c4 [AUC 0.92,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001], and MRPD [AUC 0.89,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DMD subjects show impaired inspiratory muscle contraction and relaxation, indicating early muscle weakness or fatigue. SNIP\u2010derived parameters may help in the early identification of inspiratory muscle dysfunction in DMD, potentially contributing to clinical detection and intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T07:19:46Z","timestamp":1761203986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiparametric Analysis of Nasal Inspiratory Pressure (SNIP) in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Case\u2010Control Study With Healthy Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilsa P.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica em Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Fisioterapia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) PneumoCardioVascular Lab\/HUOL, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5447-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layana","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica em Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Fisioterapia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) PneumoCardioVascular Lab\/HUOL, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica D. M.","family":"da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica em Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Fisioterapia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) PneumoCardioVascular Lab\/HUOL, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario E.","family":"Dourado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Integrada, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-275X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Otto\u2010Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud, Funcionalidad y Actividad F\u00edsica (GISFAF), Kinesiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Torres\u2010Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Pennati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Aliverti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme A. 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